Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Int J Pharm. 2024 Apr 10;654:123923. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123923. Epub 2024 Feb 23.
Cancer continues to be a significant worldwide cause of mortality. This underscores the urgent need for novel strategies to complement and overcome the limitations of conventional therapies, such as imprecise targeting and drug resistance. Cancer Immunotherapy utilizes the body's immune system to target malignant cells, reducing harm to healthy tissue. Nevertheless, the efficacy of immunotherapy exhibits variation across individuals and has the potential to induce autoimmune responses. Biomimetic nanoparticles (bNPs) have transformative potential in cancer immunotherapy, promising improved accurate targeting, immune system activation, and resistance mechanisms, while also reducing the occurrence of systemic autoimmune side effects. This integration offers opportunities for personalized medicine and better therapeutic outcomes. Despite considerable potential, bNPs face barriers like insufficient targeting, restricted biological stability, and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The resolution of these concerns is crucial in order to expedite the integration of bNPs from the research setting into clinical therapeutic uses. In addition, optimizing manufacturing processes and reducing bNP-related costs are essential for practical implementation. The present research introduces comprehensive classifications of bNPs as well as recent achievements in their application in cancer immunotherapies, emphasizing the need to address barriers for swift clinical integration.
癌症仍然是全球范围内导致死亡的主要原因之一。这突显了迫切需要新的策略来补充和克服传统疗法的局限性，例如靶向不精确和耐药性。癌症免疫疗法利用人体的免疫系统来靶向恶性细胞，减少对健康组织的伤害。然而，免疫疗法的疗效在个体之间存在差异，并有引发自身免疫反应的潜力。仿生纳米颗粒（bNPs）在癌症免疫治疗中有变革性的潜力，有望提高精确靶向、免疫系统激活和耐药机制的效果，同时减少全身自身免疫副作用的发生。这种整合为个性化医疗和更好的治疗效果提供了机会。尽管具有相当大的潜力，但 bNPs 面临着靶向不足、生物稳定性受限以及肿瘤微环境内相互作用等问题。解决这些问题对于加快 bNPs 从研究领域向临床治疗用途的整合至关重要。此外，优化制造工艺和降低 bNP 相关成本对于实际应用至关重要。本研究介绍了 bNPs 的综合分类以及它们在癌症免疫治疗中的最新应用成果，强调需要解决障碍，以便迅速实现临床整合。
