Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Mar;215:25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.011. Epub 2024 Feb 23.
A systematic review with meta-analysis was completed to study the effects of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO) oral ingestion from vegetables and salts on blood pressure responses during and following exercise.
NO is a hypotensive agent with the potential to reduce blood pressure peaks during exercise and amplify exercise-induced hypotensive effects. Several randomized and controlled trials have investigated the effects of NO on hemodynamic responses to physical exercise, however this still has yet to be studied systematically.
The searches were conducted on EMBASE, Medline, and SPORTSDiscus databases. The study included masked randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with participants ≥18 years old. The NOintervention group received at least 50 mg NO/day with similar sources amid NO and placebo conditions. Included studies reported systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values during or following exercise performance.
1903 studies were identified, and twenty-six achieved the inclusion criteria. NO daily dosages ranged from 90 to 800 mg/day. Throughout exercise, SBP had smaller increases in the NO group (-2.81 mmHg (95%CI: -5.20 to -0.41), p=0.02. DBP demonstrated lower values in the NO group (-2.41 mmHg (95%CI: -4.02 to -0.79), p=0.003. In the post-exercise group, the NO group presented lower SBP values (-3.53 mmHg (95%CI: -5.65 to 1.41), p=0.001, while no changes were identified in DBP values between NO and placebo groups (p=0.31). Subgroup meta-analysis revealed that SBP baseline values, exercise type, duration of NO ingestion, and its dosages mediated blood pressure responses during and following exercise.
NO ingestion prior to exercise attenuated the increases in SBP and DBP during exercise, and increased the decline in SBP after exercise. These results are dependent on factors that moderate the blood pressure responses (e.g., health status, type of exercise, resting blood pressure values).
通过系统评价和荟萃分析研究从蔬菜和盐中摄入膳食无机硝酸盐（NO）对运动期间和运动后的血压反应的影响。
NO 是一种降压药，具有降低运动时血压峰值和放大运动引起的降压作用的潜力。几项随机对照试验已经研究了 NO 对身体运动的血液动力学反应的影响，但这仍然需要系统地研究。
在 EMBASE、Medline 和 SPORTSDiscus 数据库中进行了检索。该研究纳入了至少 18 岁的参与者参与的双盲随机对照试验（RCT）。NO 干预组每天至少摄入 50mgNO，NO 和安慰剂条件下的来源相似。纳入的研究报告了运动过程中或运动后收缩压（SBP）或舒张压（DBP）的值。
共检索到 1903 项研究，其中 26 项符合纳入标准。NO 的日剂量范围从 90 到 800mg/天。在整个运动过程中，NO 组的 SBP 升高幅度较小（-2.81mmHg（95%CI：-5.20 至-0.41），p=0.02）。DBP 在 NO 组中的值较低（-2.41mmHg（95%CI：-4.02 至-0.79），p=0.003）。在运动后组中，NO 组的 SBP 值较低（-3.53mmHg（95%CI：-5.65 至 1.41），p=0.001），而 NO 和安慰剂组之间的 DBP 值没有变化（p=0.31）。亚组荟萃分析显示，SBP 基线值、运动类型、NO 摄入持续时间和剂量调节了运动期间和运动后的血压反应。
运动前摄入 NO 可减轻运动过程中 SBP 和 DBP 的升高，并增加运动后 SBP 的下降。这些结果取决于调节血压反应的因素（例如，健康状况、运动类型、静息血压值）。
