Shu Juan, Jia Cong-Ling, Dang Jing-Jie, Liang Ya-Fang, Li Qiu-Juan, Wu Qi-Nan, Liu Chan-Chan
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China.
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine Nanjing 210023, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jan;49(1):62-69. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230902.102.
The volatile oils are the effective components of Agastache rugosa, which are stored in the glandular scale. The leaves of pulegone-type A. rugosa were used as materials to observe the leaf morphology of A. rugosa at different growth stages, and the components of volatile oils in gland scales were detected by GC-MS. At the same time, qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression of key enzyme genes in the biosynthesis pathway of monoterpenes in volatile oils. The results showed that the density of A. rugosa glandular scale decreased first and then tended to be stable. With the growth of leaves, the relative content of pulegone decreased from 79.26% to 3.94%(89.97%-41.44%), while that of isomenthone increased from 2.43% to 77.87%(0.74%-51.01%), and the changes of other components were relatively insignificant. The correlation analysis between the relative content of monoterpenes and the relative expression levels of their key enzyme genes showed that there was a significant correlation between the relative content of menthone and isomenthone and the relative expression levels of pulegone reductase(PR)(r>0.6, P<0.01). To sum up, this study revealed the accumulation rules of the main components of the contents of the glandular scale of A. rugosa and the expression rules of the key enzyme genes for biosynthesis, which provided a scientific basis and data support for determining the appropriate harvesting period and quality control of the medicinal herbs. This study also initially revealed the biosynthesis mechanism of the monoterpenes mainly composed of pulegone and isomenthone in A. rugosa, laying a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of synthesis and accumulation of monoterpenes in A. rugosa.
挥发油是藿香的有效成分，储存于腺鳞中。以回芹醛型藿香的叶片为材料，观察藿香不同生长阶段的叶片形态，并采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）检测腺鳞中挥发油的成分。同时，运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT - PCR）测定挥发油中单萜生物合成途径中关键酶基因的相对表达量。结果表明，藿香腺鳞密度先降低后趋于稳定。随着叶片生长，回芹醛相对含量从79.26%降至3.94%（89.97% - 41.44%），而异薄荷酮相对含量从2.43%增至77.87%（0.74% - 51.01%），其他成分变化相对不显著。单萜相对含量与其关键酶基因相对表达量的相关性分析表明，薄荷酮和异薄荷酮相对含量与回芹醛还原酶（PR）相对表达量之间存在显著相关性（r＞0.6，P＜0.01）。综上所述，本研究揭示了藿香腺鳞中主要成分的积累规律以及生物合成关键酶基因的表达规律，为确定药材的适宜采收期和质量控制提供了科学依据和数据支持。本研究还初步揭示了藿香中以回芹醛和异薄荷酮为主的单萜生物合成机制，为进一步研究藿香单萜合成与积累的分子机制奠定了基础。
