Lawisch Gabriela Kniphoff da Silva, Dexheimer Geórgia Muccillo, Biolchi Vanderlei, Seewald Rafael Armando, Chies José Artur Bogo
Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2024 Feb 26;46(3 Suppl 1):e20230136. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2023-0136. eCollection 2024.
Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most common type of cancer in the world. Nevertheless, diagnosis is still based on nonspecific methods, or invasive methods which makes clinical decision and diagnosis difficult, generating risk of both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. Given the high prevalence, morbidity and mortality of PCA, new strategies are needed for its diagnosis. A review of the literature on available biomarkers for PCA was performed, using the following terms: prostate cancer AND marker OR biomarker. The search was carried out in Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Clinical Trial. A total of 35 articles were used, and PHI (Prostate Health Index) and the 4Kscore tests were identified as the best well-established serum markers. These tests are based on the evaluation of expression levels of several molecules. For analysis of urine samples, Progensa, ExoDXProstate, and Mi Prostate Score Urine Test are available. All these tests have the potential to help diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary biopsies, but they are used only in association with digital rectal examination and PSA level data. The search for biomarkers that can help in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of PCA is still in its initial phase, requiring more efforts for an effective clinical application.
前列腺癌（PCA）是全球第二常见的癌症类型。然而，其诊断仍基于非特异性方法或侵入性方法，这使得临床决策和诊断变得困难，产生了漏诊和过度诊断的风险。鉴于PCA的高发病率、患病率和死亡率，需要新的诊断策略。使用以下术语对关于PCA可用生物标志物的文献进行了综述：前列腺癌 AND 标志物 OR 生物标志物。检索在PubMed、科学Direct、科学网和临床试验中进行。总共使用了35篇文章，前列腺健康指数（PHI）和4Kscore检测被确定为最成熟的血清标志物。这些检测基于对几种分子表达水平的评估。对于尿液样本分析，有Progensa、ExoDXProstate和Mi前列腺评分尿液检测。所有这些检测都有可能帮助诊断，避免不必要的活检，但它们仅与直肠指检和PSA水平数据联合使用。寻找有助于PCA诊断和治疗管理的生物标志物仍处于初始阶段，需要更多努力以实现有效的临床应用。
