Lissner G S
Postgrad Med. 1985 Dec;78(8):121-33. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1985.11699225.
Several pathologic processes can disturb the complex structures of the eyelids and orbital tissues and the muscles that enable their proper function. Some disorders, such as entropion and ectropion, are usually acquired in later years from laxity of supporting structures. Blepharoptosis has a range of causes, from aging to an intracranial aneurysm, and its severity varies, from mild to almost complete closure of the lid fissures. Graves' orbitopathy can produce lid retraction, lid lag, and proptosis and can cause vision-threatening conditions. Orbital cellulitis produces pain, swelling, proptosis, and redness of the lids and conjunctivae and, if severe, can compromise ocular motility and visual acuity. Early recognition of the specific disorder and prompt and adequate treatment are essential to spare the patient discomfort and ensure preservation of vision.
几种病理过程会干扰眼睑和眼眶组织以及使其正常功能得以实现的肌肉的复杂结构。有些病症，如睑内翻和睑外翻，通常是在晚年因支撑结构松弛而患上的。上睑下垂的病因多种多样，从衰老到颅内动脉瘤都有可能，其严重程度也各不相同，从轻到几乎完全闭合睑裂。格雷夫斯眼眶病可导致眼睑退缩、眼睑滞后和眼球突出，并可能引发威胁视力的病症。眼眶蜂窝织炎会引起疼痛、肿胀、眼球突出以及眼睑和结膜发红，若病情严重，会影响眼球运动和视力。早期识别特定病症并及时进行充分治疗，对于避免患者不适和确保视力保留至关重要。
