Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Division of Sleep Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2024 Oct;33(5):e14187. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14187. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
Electroencephalograms can capture brain oscillatory activities during sleep as a form of electrophysiological signals. We analysed electroencephalogram recordings from full-night in-laboratory polysomnography from 100 patients with Down syndrome, and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The ages of patients with Down syndrome spanned 1 month to 31 years (median 4.4 years); 84 were younger than 12 years, and 54 were male. From each electroencephalogram, we extracted relative power in six frequency bands or rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, slow sigma, fast sigma, and beta) from six channels (frontal F3 and F4, central C3 and C4, and occipital O1 and O2) during five sleep stages (N3, N2, N1, R and W)-180 features in all. We examined differences in relative power between Down syndrome and control electroencephalograms for each feature separately. During wake and N1 sleep stages, alpha rhythms (8.0-10.5 Hz) had significantly lower power in patients with Down syndrome than controls. Moreover, the rate of increase in alpha power with age during rapid eye movement sleep was significantly slower in Down syndrome than control subjects. During wake and N1 sleep, delta rhythms (0.25-4.5 Hz) had higher power in patients with Down syndrome than controls. During N2 sleep, slow sigma rhythms (10.5-12.5 Hz) had lower power in patients with DS than controls. These findings extend previous research from routine electroencephalogram studies demonstrating that patients with Down syndrome had reduced circadian amplitude-the difference between wake alpha power and deep sleep delta power was smaller in Down syndrome than control subjects. We envision that these brain oscillatory activities may be used as surrogate markers for clinical trials for patients with Down syndrome.
脑电图可以捕捉睡眠期间的脑振荡活动，作为一种电生理信号。我们分析了 100 例唐氏综合征患者和 100 名年龄和性别匹配的对照者整夜在实验室多导睡眠图中的脑电图记录。唐氏综合征患者的年龄为 1 个月至 31 岁（中位数 4.4 岁）；84 例年龄小于 12 岁，54 例为男性。从每个脑电图中，我们从 6 个通道（额部 F3 和 F4、中央 C3 和 C4 以及枕部 O1 和 O2）的 6 个频段或节律（δ、θ、α、慢 σ、快 σ 和 β）中提取相对功率，总共 180 个特征。我们分别检查了唐氏综合征和对照组脑电图中每个特征的相对功率差异。在觉醒和 N1 睡眠阶段，唐氏综合征患者的α节律（8.0-10.5Hz）的相对功率明显低于对照组。此外，唐氏综合征患者快速眼动睡眠期间α功率随年龄的增长率明显慢于对照组。在觉醒和 N1 睡眠期间，唐氏综合征患者的δ节律（0.25-4.5Hz）的相对功率高于对照组。在 N2 睡眠期间，唐氏综合征患者的慢 σ 节律（10.5-12.5Hz）的相对功率低于对照组。这些发现扩展了以前从常规脑电图研究中得出的研究结果，表明唐氏综合征患者的昼夜节律振幅降低，即觉醒时的α 功率与深度睡眠时的 δ 功率之间的差异在唐氏综合征患者中比对照组更小。我们设想这些脑振荡活动可以作为唐氏综合征患者临床试验的替代标志物。
