Scheu Theresa, Reinecke Friederike, Münnich Lisa, Campe Amely
Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Viehhaltung, Hofgut Neumühle, Münchweiler an der Alsenz.
Regierungspräsidium Gießen, Dez. 51.2 Qualitätssicherung für Öko-, pflanzliche Produkte und Milch, Wetzlar.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2024 Feb;52(1):5-15. doi: 10.1055/a-2219-9154. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
With the Regulation (EC) 6/2019, antibiotic drying off of the entire dairy herd is no longer permissible. Hence, it is necessary to establish selective antibiotic drying off (SDCT: Selective Dry Cow Therapy) in dairy herds. With the publication of the PraeRi study in 2020, systematic data for the implementation of SDCT on farms became available for several German states. For Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Hesse this type of information is only available from individual projects. Therefore, the aim of this survey was to increase the knowledge concerning the implementation of SDCT in dairy farms located in these states.
An online questionnaire was sent via newsletters to farmers and was published in the regional farmers' bulletins in the described catchment area. The questionnaire inquired about the saving of antibiotics during drying off, the criteria guiding the farmer's decision (cell count from monthly dairy herd improvement data (DHI), mastitis history, microbiological examination of quarter foremilk samples, California mastitis test), use of teat sealants and the type of dry off procedure (abrupt/gradual).
A total of 103 questionnaires were evaluated, making the response rate ~1% for Hesse, ~3% for Saarland, and ~5% for Rhineland-Palatinate based on the number of included farms. Approximately 29% of the farmers dried off one out of four cows, 20% half, 23% three out of four and 13% all cows without using antibiotics. Eighty-nine farm managers based their decision on the somatic cell counts of DHI. Additional criteria influencing the decision were the mastitis history, results of the California Mastitis Test, or a combination of both. In 76 farms cows were dried off abruptly. In 79 farms teat sealers were used.
Application of SDCT is established in most of the farms that participated in the survey, even though the proportion varied between farms. Legal requirements are not the only reason farmers need to increasingly deal with SDCT; sustainability programs of the dairies rely on selective drying off as well. Herd veterinarians should be supportive in implementing these measures to achieve good udder health while reducing the use of antimicrobials to a necessary minimum.
随着欧盟法规（EC）6/2019的出台，对整个奶牛群进行抗生素干奶不再被允许。因此，有必要在奶牛群中建立选择性抗生素干奶（SDCT：选择性干奶牛治疗）。随着2020年PraeRi研究的发表，德国几个州的农场实施SDCT的系统数据已经可用。对于莱茵兰 - 普法尔茨州、萨尔兰州和黑森州，此类信息仅来自个别项目。因此，本次调查的目的是增加对这些州奶牛场实施SDCT的了解。
通过时事通讯向农民发送在线问卷，并在所述集水区的地区农民公告中发布。问卷询问了干奶期间抗生素的节省情况、指导农民决策的标准（每月奶牛群改良数据（DHI）中的细胞计数、乳腺炎病史、四分位前乳样本的微生物检查、加利福尼亚乳腺炎检测）、乳头封闭剂的使用情况以及干奶程序的类型（突然/逐渐）。
共评估了103份问卷，基于纳入农场的数量，黑森州的回复率约为1%，萨尔兰州约为3%，莱茵兰 - 普法尔茨州约为5%。约29%的农民在不使用抗生素的情况下对四分之一的奶牛进行干奶，20%对一半奶牛进行干奶，23%对四分之三的奶牛进行干奶，13%对所有奶牛进行干奶。89名农场经理根据DHI的体细胞计数做出决策。影响决策的其他标准是乳腺炎病史、加利福尼亚乳腺炎检测结果或两者的组合。在76个农场中，奶牛被突然干奶。在79个农场中使用了乳头封闭剂。
尽管各农场的比例有所不同，但参与调查的大多数农场都采用了SDCT。法律要求并非农民越来越需要应对SDCT的唯一原因；奶牛场的可持续发展计划也依赖于选择性干奶。畜群兽医应支持实施这些措施，以在将抗菌药物的使用减少到必要最低限度的同时，实现良好的乳房健康。
