Univ of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Department of Global Pediatric Medicin, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2024 Feb 1;25(2):495-505. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.2.495.
Smoking remains a significant risk factor for numerous health issues, including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections. This study investigates the burden of tobacco-related diseases in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Utilizing the GBD data, we examined the risk of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure and their related causes of death and disability in the 22 MENA countries. Smoking prevalence and disease burden data were analyzed with estimates reported as age-standardized rates.
Tobacco abuse accounted for 14.5% of all deaths and 23.2% of deaths tied to known risk factors, with an age-standardized death rate of 110.8 per 100,000. Cardiovascular diseases were the primary cause of smoking-related deaths and DALYs, representing 53.4% of all deaths and 50.3% of all DALYs. This was followed by neoplasms (24.6% of all deaths and 20.3% of all DALYs), chronic respiratory diseases(12.4% of all deaths and 11.9% of all DALYs), and respiratory infections and tuberculosis(4% of all deaths and 3.4% of all DALYs). Second-hand smoking caused 20.5% of tobacco-related deaths and 21.5% of tobacco-related DALYs, disproportionately affecting younger individuals. An increasing disease burden was observed in Lebanon, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, and Libya, and declining rates were most evident in Oman and Qatar.
Our study emphasizes the impact of smoking on cardiovascular disease, the primary cause of smoking-related mortality and morbidity in the MENA region. Our findings highlight the urgent need for effective tobacco control policies and interventions.
吸烟仍然是许多健康问题的重要危险因素，包括肺癌、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、缺血性心脏病、中风和呼吸道感染。本研究调查了中东和北非（MENA）地区与烟草相关的疾病负担。
利用 GBD 数据，我们研究了 22 个 MENA 国家吸烟和二手烟暴露的风险以及与这些风险相关的死亡和残疾原因。吸烟流行率和疾病负担数据采用标准化年龄后的估计值进行分析。
烟草滥用导致所有死亡的 14.5%和所有已知危险因素相关死亡的 23.2%，标准化死亡率为每 10 万人 110.8 人。心血管疾病是与吸烟相关的死亡和残疾调整生命年（DALY）的主要原因，占所有死亡的 53.4%和所有 DALY 的 50.3%。其次是肿瘤（所有死亡的 24.6%和所有 DALY 的 20.3%）、慢性呼吸道疾病（所有死亡的 12.4%和所有 DALY 的 11.9%）以及呼吸道感染和结核病（所有死亡的 4%和所有 DALY 的 3.4%）。二手烟导致 20.5%的与烟草相关的死亡和 21.5%的与烟草相关的 DALY，对年轻人的影响不成比例。黎巴嫩、土耳其、叙利亚、突尼斯、阿联酋和利比亚的疾病负担呈上升趋势，而阿曼和卡塔尔的疾病负担呈下降趋势。
本研究强调了吸烟对心血管疾病的影响，这是 MENA 地区与吸烟相关的死亡和发病的主要原因。我们的研究结果强调了制定有效的烟草控制政策和干预措施的迫切需要。
