Can segmental bioelectrical impedance be used as a measure of muscle quality?

Recent works have shown bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) may assess tissue quality. The purpose of this project was to examine associations between ultrasound echo intensity (EI) of quadriceps muscles (vastus lateralis [VL], vastus medialis [VM], vastus intermedius [VI], rectus femoris [RF]) and BIS parameters (R0, R1, C, α, fp), and if the associations are specific to individual muscles or associated with a representation of the entire quadriceps. Twenty-two participants (age: 22 ± 4 years; BMI: 25.47 ± 3.26 kg/m) participated in all study activities. Participants had transverse ultrasound scans of each individual quadriceps muscle taken at 25, 50, and 75 % of the muscle length to generate an average EI for the VL, VM, VI, and RF, which were further averaged to generate an EI for the entire quadriceps. For BIS, participants were seated with electrodes placed on the thigh to measure the segmental quadriceps. The Cole-impedance model parameters that best fit the BIS data for each participant was used for all analyses. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were calculated to determine associations between muscles' EI and BIS parameters. The results suggest averaged EI of individual VL, VM, VI, RF muscles and the average EI of the segmental quadriceps were significantly related to the R0, C, α metrics of the Cole-impedance model representing quadriceps segmental tissues. This supports that segmental BIS may be an appropriate technique for rapid evaluation of segmental muscle quality.