Blumenthal Emmy, Rocks Jason W, Mehta Pankaj
Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Faculty of Computing and Data Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
ArXiv. 2024 Feb 27:arXiv:2308.15757v2.
Non-reciprocal interactions between microscopic constituents can profoundly shape the large-scale properties of complex systems. Here, we investigate the effects of non-reciprocity in the context of theoretical ecology by analyzing a generalization of MacArthur's consumer-resource model with asymmetric interactions between species and resources. Using a mixture of analytic cavity calculations and numerical simulations, we show that such ecosystems generically undergo a phase transition to chaotic dynamics as the amount of non-reciprocity is increased. We analytically construct the phase diagram for this model and show that the emergence of chaos is controlled by a single quantity: the ratio of surviving species to surviving resources. We also numerically calculate the Lyapunov exponents in the chaotic phase and carefully analyze finite-size effects. Our findings show how non-reciprocal interactions can give rise to complex and unpredictable dynamical behaviors even in the simplest ecological consumer-resource models.
微观组成部分之间的非互惠相互作用能够深刻地塑造复杂系统的大规模属性。在此，我们通过分析具有物种与资源间不对称相互作用的麦克阿瑟消费者 - 资源模型的推广形式，在理论生态学背景下研究非互惠性的影响。通过解析腔计算和数值模拟相结合的方法，我们表明，随着非互惠性数量的增加，此类生态系统通常会经历向混沌动力学的相变。我们解析构建了该模型的相图，并表明混沌的出现由单一量控制：存活物种与存活资源的比率。我们还在混沌相中数值计算了李雅普诺夫指数，并仔细分析了有限尺寸效应。我们的研究结果表明，即使在最简单的生态消费者 - 资源模型中，非互惠相互作用也能产生复杂且不可预测的动力学行为。
