Cordeiro K C, Scaffo J, Flexa B N, Gama C C A, Ferreira M A, Cruz R A S, Aguiar-Alves F, Rocha L, Machado F P, Fernandes C P
Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Macapá, AP, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Macapá, AP, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2024 Feb 26;83:e275622. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.275622. eCollection 2024.
Citrus bergamia is a citric species known as bergamot. The species is widely used due to its derivatives, such as juices, extracts, and essential oil. Specifically, the bergamot essential oil (BEO) is of great interest, with a chemical composition rich in terpenes and esters. Considering its chemical composition, bioactivity, and great economic potential, the characterization of BEO should be studied. However, this essential oil is almost unexplored in terms of a characterization associated with colloids. Chemical characterization was carried out by gas-chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and by gas-chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was carried out to confirm the bioactivity of this important essential oil. Dynamic light scattering analysis was performed to create a pattern of droplet size distribution of BEO. Major compounds of BEO were linalyl acetate, limonene, and linalool. The BEO was active against E. coli and presented a MIC value of 2.000 µg/mL, while values of MIC and MBC higher than 2.000 µg/mL were observed for S. aureus. The dynamic light scattering analysis revealed a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 65.7 ± 2.2 nm. After a 1:10 dilution it was observed reduction of mean diameter and enhancement of the percentagem of low size droplets, resepctively 44.1 ± 1.2 nm and 14.5 ± 0.5 nm (28.8 ± 1.2%). Higher droplets and reduced polydispersity index were observed after 1:100 dilution. In the present study, the chemical characterization was in accordance with the species, as the characteristic chemical markers of the species were found. Moreover, it has presented antibacterial activity as expected for the BEO. The analysis of the colloid showed a pattern of droplet size distribution following the Ostwald ripening mechanism after dilution.
香柠檬是一种名为佛手柑的柑橘属植物。该物种因其衍生物，如汁液、提取物和精油，而被广泛使用。具体而言，佛手柑精油（BEO）备受关注，其化学成分富含萜类和酯类。考虑到其化学成分、生物活性和巨大的经济潜力，应对BEO进行表征研究。然而，就与胶体相关的表征而言，这种精油几乎未被探索。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪和气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器进行化学表征。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌进行抗菌活性测试，以确认这种重要精油的生物活性。进行动态光散射分析以建立BEO的液滴尺寸分布模式。BEO的主要成分是乙酸芳樟酯、柠檬烯和芳樟醇。BEO对大肠杆菌有活性，其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值为2000 µg/mL，而对金黄色葡萄球菌观察到的MIC和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）值高于2000 µg/mL。动态光散射分析显示平均流体动力学直径为65.7±2.2 nm。在1:10稀释后，观察到平均直径减小，低尺寸液滴百分比增加，分别为44.1±1.2 nm和14.5±0.5 nm（28.8±1.2%）。在1:100稀释后观察到更高的液滴和降低的多分散指数。在本研究中，化学表征与该物种相符，因为发现了该物种的特征性化学标志物。此外，它如预期的那样呈现出BEO的抗菌活性。胶体分析显示稀释后遵循奥斯特瓦尔德熟化机制的液滴尺寸分布模式。
