Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
Nutrients. 2020 May 12;12(5):1381. doi: 10.3390/nu12051381.
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) added to food and drink promotes a citrus flavour. Folklore suggests benefits on gastrointestinal functions but with little supporting evidence. BEO and major constituents (linalool, limonene, linalyl acetate) were therefore examined for any ability to influence neuromuscular contractions of human and rat colon. Circular muscle strips (macroscopically-normal human colon obtained following ethical approval at cancer surgery; Sprague-Dawley rats) were suspended in baths (Krebs solution; 37 °C; 5% CO in O) for measurement of neuronally-mediated contractions (prevented by tetrodotoxin or atropine) evoked by electrical field stimulation (5 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse width, 10s/minute, maximally-effective voltage), or contractions evoked by KCl (submaximally-effective concentrations). BEO and each constituent concentration dependently inhibited neuronally-mediated and KCl-induced contractions. In human: apparent IC for BEO (volume/volume Krebs), respectively, 3.8 ± 0.3 and 4.4 ± 0.3; I 55.8% ± 4.2% and 37.5% ± 4.2%. For the constituents, the rank order of potency differed in human (linalool > limonene >> linalyl-acetate) and rat colon (linalyl-acetate > limonene = linalool), but rank order of efficacy was similar (linalool >> (BEO) = linalyl-acetate >> limonene). Thus, linalool had high efficacy but greater potency in human colon (I 76.8% ± 6.9%; pIC 6.7 ± 0.2; = 4) compared with rat colon (I 75.3% ± 1.9%; pIC 5.8 ± 0.1; = 4). The ability of BEO and linalool to inhibit human colon neuromuscular contractility provides a mechanism for use as complementary treatments of intestinal disorders.
佛手柑精油（BEO）添加到食物和饮料中可增添柑橘风味。民间传说其对胃肠道功能有益，但缺乏有力的证据支持。因此，我们研究了 BEO 和主要成分（芳樟醇、柠檬烯、乙酸芳樟酯）是否具有影响人结肠和大鼠结肠的神经肌肉收缩的能力。将环形肌条（通过伦理批准从癌症手术中获得的宏观正常人类结肠；斯普拉格-道利大鼠）悬挂在浴槽中（Krebs 溶液；37°C；5%CO2 在 O2 中），以测量神经元介导的收缩（用河豚毒素或阿托品预防），或由 KCl （亚最大有效浓度）引起的收缩。BEO 和每个成分浓度均依赖于抑制神经元介导的和 KCl 诱导的收缩。在人体中：BEO（体积/体积 Krebs）的表观 IC 分别为 3.8±0.3 和 4.4±0.3；I 为 55.8%±4.2%和 37.5%±4.2%。对于这些成分，在人体（芳樟醇＞柠檬烯＞＞乙酸芳樟酯）和大鼠结肠（乙酸芳樟酯＞柠檬烯=芳樟醇）中，效力的等级顺序不同，但效力的等级顺序相似（芳樟醇＞（BEO）=乙酸芳樟酯＞柠檬烯）。因此，与大鼠结肠相比，芳樟醇在人结肠中具有高疗效但更大的效力（I 为 76.8%±6.9%；pIC 为 6.7±0.2； = 4），与大鼠结肠相比（I 为 75.3%±1.9%；pIC 为 5.8±0.1； = 4）。BEO 和芳樟醇抑制人结肠神经肌肉收缩的能力为将其用作治疗肠道疾病的补充疗法提供了一种机制。
