评估巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部不同家畜巴贝虫属的流行情况。
Assessment of Babesia spp. prevalence in various domestic animals across Southern Punjab, Pakistan.
机构信息
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan.
出版信息
Braz J Biol. 2024 Feb 26;84:e277636. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.277636. eCollection 2024.
Parasitic diseases, notably babesiosis, exert a substantial impact on the global cattle industry, posing challenges to commerce, economies, and human health. This study, conducted in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, aimed to assess the prevalence of Babesia spp. across various livestock species using microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 180 blood samples (60 from each district) were systematically collected from apparently healthy animals, with 36 samples obtained from each domestic animal species, including camel, cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep, noting that 12 samples were collected from each district for each animal species. Overall prevalence was determined to be 32.8% (59/180), with varying rates among species: 25.0% in cattle, 41.66% in buffalo, 30.55% in goats, 33.3% in sheep, and 33.3% in camels. Microscopic examination revealed slightly varied infection rates among large and small domestic animals (22.2%), while PCR results indicated a 32.8% overall infection rate in both large and small domestic animals, with no statistical significance. District-wise analysis showed regional variations, with Muzaffargarh recording a prevalence rate of 23.33% through microscopic examination, while Lodhran and Bahawalpur recorded 21.67%. PCR results revealed higher rates (38.33%, 26.67%, and 33.33%, respectively), underlining the importance of employing PCR for accurate detection. Examining ruminant types, large ruminants exhibited a 32.4% infection rate, while small domestic animals showed 33.3%, with no significant difference (p=0.897). District-wise prevalence showcased significant variation, with Muzaffargarh demonstrating a 25% prevalence, Lodhran 22%, and Bahawalpur 22%, through microscopic examination. PCR results displayed 38.33%, 27%, and 33.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance. Detailed analysis of individual districts highlighted variations in infection rates among camels, cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. The binomial test indicated significant differences through microscopic analysis (P=0.011) but non-significant variations through PCR (P=0.065), emphasizing the precision of PCR. Regional variations in prevalence, notably with Punjab exhibiting the highest frequency (33.87%) and KPK the lowest (13.24%), suggest potential influences from varying veterinary practices and environmental factors. This study underscores the pivotal role of PCR alongside microscopy for accurate babesiosis diagnosis. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of babesiosis prevalence, emphasizing the necessity of advanced molecular techniques for informed control measures.
寄生虫病，特别是巴贝斯虫病，对全球养牛业造成了重大影响，给商业、经济和人类健康带来了挑战。本研究在巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部进行，旨在使用显微镜和 PCR 方法评估各种牲畜物种中巴贝斯虫属的流行情况。从看似健康的动物中系统采集了 180 份血样（每个地区 60 份），其中 36 份来自每个家养动物物种，包括骆驼、牛、水牛、山羊和绵羊，注意到每个地区每种动物各采集 12 份。总体患病率为 32.8%（59/180），不同物种的患病率不同：牛为 25.0%，水牛为 41.66%，山羊为 30.55%，绵羊为 33.3%，骆驼为 33.3%。显微镜检查显示大型和小型家养动物之间的感染率略有不同（22.2%），而 PCR 结果表明大型和小型家养动物的总感染率为 32.8%，无统计学意义。地区分析显示存在区域差异，穆扎法尔格尔通过显微镜检查记录的患病率为 23.33%，而洛德拉和巴哈瓦尔布尔的患病率为 21.67%。PCR 结果显示出更高的比率（分别为 38.33%、26.67%和 33.33%），强调了使用 PCR 进行准确检测的重要性。检查反刍动物类型，大型反刍动物的感染率为 32.4%，而小型家养动物的感染率为 33.3%，无显著差异（p=0.897）。地区患病率显示出显著差异，穆扎法尔格尔通过显微镜检查显示出 25%的患病率，洛德拉为 22%，巴哈瓦尔布尔为 22%。PCR 结果分别为 38.33%、27%和 33.3%，无统计学意义。对个别地区的详细分析突出了骆驼、牛、水牛、山羊和绵羊之间感染率的差异。二项式检验表明显微镜分析有显著差异（P=0.011），但 PCR 无显著差异（P=0.065），强调了 PCR 的精确性。患病率的地区差异，特别是旁遮普省发病率最高（33.87%），开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省最低（13.24%），表明兽医实践和环境因素的不同可能有影响。本研究强调了 PCR 与显微镜结合用于准确诊断巴贝斯虫病的重要作用。这些发现有助于更全面地了解巴贝斯虫病的流行情况，强调了先进分子技术在知情控制措施中的必要性。
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