Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Environ Int. 2024 Mar;185:108538. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108538. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Although simulated studies have provided valuable knowledge regarding the communities of planktonic bacteria and biofilms, the lack of systematic field studies have hampered the understanding of microbiology in real-world service lines and premise plumbing. In this study, the bacterial communities of water and biofilm were explored, with a special focus on the lifetime development of biofilm communities and their key influencing factors. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that both the planktonic bacteria and biofilm were dominated by Proteobacteria. Among the 15,084 observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), the 33 core ASVs covered 72.8 %, while the 12 shared core ASVs accounted for 62.2 % of the total sequences. Remarkably, it was found that the species richness and diversity of biofilm communities correlated with pipe age. The relative abundance of ASV2 (f_Sphingomonadaceae) was lower for pipe ages 40-50 years (7.9 %) than for pipe ages 10-20 years (59.3 %), while the relative abundance of ASV10 (f_Hyphomonadaceae) was higher for pipe ages 40-50 years (19.5 %) than its presence at pipe ages 20-30 years (1.9 %). The community of the premise plumbing biofilm had significantly higher species richness and diversity than that of the service line, while the steel-plastics composite pipe interior lined with polyethylene (S-PE) harbored significantly more diverse biofilm than the galvanized steel pipes (S-Zn). Interestingly, S-PE was enriched with ASV27 (g_Mycobacterium), while S-Zn pipes were enriched with ASV13 (g_Pseudomonas). Moreover, the network analysis showed that five rare ASVs, not core ASVs, were keystone members in biofilm communities, indicating the importance of rare members in the function and stability of biofilm communities. This manuscript provides novel insights into real-world service lines and premise plumbing microbiology, regarding lifetime dynamics (pipe age 10-50 years), and the influences of pipe types (premise plumbing vs. service line) and pipe materials (S-Zn vs. S-PE).
尽管模拟研究为浮游细菌和生物膜群落提供了有价值的知识，但缺乏系统的现场研究阻碍了对实际服务管道和前提管道中微生物学的理解。在这项研究中，我们探索了水和生物膜中的细菌群落，特别关注生物膜群落的终身发展及其关键影响因素。16S rRNA 基因测序结果表明，浮游细菌和生物膜均以变形菌门为主。在观察到的 15084 个扩增子序列变体 (ASV) 中，33 个核心 ASV 覆盖了 72.8%，而 12 个共有核心 ASV 占总序列的 62.2%。值得注意的是，我们发现生物膜群落的物种丰富度和多样性与管道年龄有关。ASV2 (f_Sphingomonadaceae) 的相对丰度在 40-50 年的管道中较低 (7.9%)，而在 10-20 年的管道中较高 (59.3%)，而 ASV10 (f_Hyphomonadaceae) 的相对丰度在 40-50 年的管道中较高 (19.5%)，而在 20-30 年的管道中较低 (1.9%)。前提管道生物膜的群落具有显著更高的物种丰富度和多样性，而服务管道的生物膜群落则较少。内衬聚乙烯的钢塑复合管 (S-PE) 内的生物膜比镀锌钢管 (S-Zn) 更具多样性。有趣的是，S-PE 中富集了 ASV27 (g_Mycobacterium)，而 S-Zn 管中富集了 ASV13 (g_Pseudomonas)。此外，网络分析表明，五个稀有 ASV（非核心 ASV）是生物膜群落中的关键成员，这表明稀有成员在生物膜群落的功能和稳定性中具有重要作用。本研究提供了关于实际服务管道和前提管道微生物学的新见解，包括生命周期动态（10-50 年的管道年龄），以及管道类型（前提管道与服务管道）和管道材料（S-Zn 与 S-PE）的影响。
