Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan; College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.
Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2024 Apr;353:141565. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141565. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
The growing global population has led to a heightened need for food production, and this rise in agricultural activity is closely tied to the application of phosphorus-based fertilizers, which contributes to the depletion of rock phosphate (RP) reserves. Considering the limited P reserves, different approaches were conducted previously for P removal from waste streams, while the adsorption of ions is a novel strategy with more applicability. In this study, a comprehensive method was employed to recover phosphorus from wastewater by utilizing biochar engineered with minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Elemental analysis of the wastewater following a batch experiment indicated the efficiency of the engineered biochar as an adsorbent. Subsequently, the phosphorus-enriched biochar, hereinafter (PL-BCsb), obtained from the wastewater, underwent further analysis through FTIR, XRD, and nutritional assessments. The results revealed that the PL-BCsb contained four times higher (1.82%) P contents which further reused as a fertilizer supplementation for Brassica napus L growth. PL-BCsb showed citric acid (34.03%), Olsen solution (10.99%), and water soluble (1.74%) P desorption. Additionally, phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were incorporated with PL-BCsb along two P fertilizer levels P45 (45 kg ha) and P90 (90 kg ha) for evaluation of phosphorus reuse efficiency. Integrated application of PL-BCsb with half of the suggested amount of P45 (45 kg ha) and PSB increased growth, production, physiological, biochemical, and nutritional qualities of canola by almost two folds when compared to control. Similarly, it also improved soil microbial biomass carbon up to four times, alkaline and acid phosphatases activities both by one and half times respectively as compared to control P (0). Furthermore, this investigation demonstrated that waste-to-fertilizer technology enhanced the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency by 55-60% while reducing phosphorus losses into water streams by 90%. These results have significant implications for reducing eutrophication, making it a promising approach for mitigating environmental pollution and addressing climate change.
全球人口的不断增长导致对粮食生产的需求不断增加，而农业活动的增加与磷基肥料的应用密切相关，这导致了磷矿（RP）储量的枯竭。考虑到磷的有限储量，之前已经采取了不同的方法从废水中去除磷，而离子吸附是一种具有更多适用性的新策略。在这项研究中，采用了一种综合方法，利用钙、镁、铁等矿物质工程化的生物炭从废水中回收磷。通过批量实验对废水进行元素分析表明，工程化生物炭作为吸附剂的效率。随后，从废水中获得的富磷生物炭（下文称为 PL-BCsb）进一步通过 FTIR、XRD 和营养评估进行了分析。结果表明，PL-BCsb 含有高四倍的磷含量（1.82%），可进一步再利用作为 Brassica napus L 生长的肥料补充。PL-BCsb 显示柠檬酸（34.03%）、奥尔森溶液（10.99%）和水溶性（1.74%）磷解吸。此外，将磷溶细菌（PSB）与 PL-BCsb 一起加入两个磷肥水平 P45（45kg ha）和 P90（90kg ha）中进行磷再利用效率评估。与对照相比，将 PL-BCsb 与建议用量的一半 P45（45kg ha）和 PSB 一起综合应用，可使油菜的生长、产量、生理、生化和营养品质增加近两倍。同样，与对照 P（0）相比，它还将土壤微生物生物量碳提高了四倍，碱性和酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高了 1.5 倍和 1.5 倍。此外，这项研究表明，废物到肥料技术将磷肥利用率提高了 55-60%，同时将磷流失到水体中的量减少了 90%。这些结果对减少富营养化具有重要意义，是减轻环境污染和应对气候变化的一种很有前途的方法。
