CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 10;924:171252. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171252. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
There has been much concern about microplastic (MP) pollution in marine and soil environments, but attention is gradually shifting towards wetland ecosystems, which are a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This paper comprehensively reviews the sources of MPs in wetland ecosystems, as well as their occurrence characteristics, factors influencing their migration, and their effects on animals, plants, microorganisms, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It was found that MPs in wetland ecosystems originate mainly from anthropogenic sources (sewage discharge, and agricultural and industrial production) and natural sources (rainfall-runoff, atmospheric deposition, and tidal effects). The most common types and forms of MPs identified in the literature were polyethylene and polypropylene, fibers, and fragments. The migration of MPs in wetlands is influenced by both non-biological factors (the physicochemical properties of MPs, sediment characteristics, and hydrodynamic conditions) and biological factors (the adsorption and growth interception by plant roots, ingestion, and animal excretion). Furthermore, once MPs enter wetland ecosystems, they can impact the resident microorganisms, animals, and plants. They also have a role in global warming because MPs act as unique exogenous carbon sources, and can also influence GHG emissions in wetland ecosystems by affecting the microbial community structure in wetland sediments and abundance of genes associated with GHG emissions. However, further investigation is needed into the influence of MP type, size, and concentration on the GHG emissions in wetlands and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the accumulation of MPs in wetland ecosystems can have far-reaching consequences for the local ecosystem, human health, and global climate regulation. Understanding the effects of MPs on wetland ecosystems is essential for developing effective management and mitigation strategies to safeguard these valuable and vulnerable environments.
人们对海洋和土壤环境中的微塑料（MP）污染问题已经非常关注，但现在人们的注意力逐渐转向湿地生态系统，因为湿地生态系统是水生态系统和陆地生态系统之间的过渡区。本文全面综述了湿地生态系统中 MPs 的来源、赋存特征、迁移影响因素以及对动物、植物、微生物和温室气体（GHG）排放的影响。结果表明，湿地生态系统中的 MPs 主要来源于人为源（污水排放、农业和工业生产）和自然源（降雨径流、大气沉降和潮汐作用）。文献中最常见的 MPs 类型和形态为聚乙烯和聚丙烯、纤维和碎片。湿地中 MPs 的迁移受非生物因素（ MPs 的物理化学性质、沉积物特征和水动力条件）和生物因素（植物根系的吸附和生长截留、摄食和动物排泄）的影响。此外，一旦 MPs 进入湿地生态系统，它们就会对当地的微生物、动物和植物产生影响。它们还是全球变暖的原因之一，因为 MPs 是独特的外源碳源，还可以通过影响湿地沉积物中微生物群落结构和与 GHG 排放相关基因的丰度来影响湿地生态系统中的 GHG 排放。但是，还需要进一步研究 MP 的类型、大小和浓度对湿地 GHG 排放的影响及其潜在机制。总的来说，MP 在湿地生态系统中的积累会对当地生态系统、人类健康和全球气候调节产生深远的影响。了解 MPs 对湿地生态系统的影响对于制定有效的管理和缓解策略以保护这些宝贵而脆弱的环境至关重要。
