Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany; email:
Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2024 Jul;75(1):427-458. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-060223-041716. Epub 2024 Jul 2.
Florets of cereal crops are the basic reproductive organs that produce grains for food or feed. The birth of a floret progresses through meristem initiation and floral organ identity specification and maintenance. During these processes, both endogenous and external cues can trigger a premature floral organ death, leading to reproductive failure. Recent advances in different cereal crops have identified both conserved and distinct regulators governing the birth of a floret. However, the molecular underpinnings of floral death are just beginning to be understood. In this review, we first provide a general overview of the current findings in the field of floral development in major cereals and outline different forms of floral deaths, particularly in the Triticeae crops. We then highlight the importance of vascular patterning and photosynthesis in floral development and reproductive success and argue for an expanded knowledge of floral birth-death balance in the context of agroecology.
谷类作物的小花是产生食物或饲料用谷物的基本生殖器官。小花的诞生经历了分生组织起始和花器官身份的特化和维持。在这些过程中，内源性和外源性线索都可以触发过早的花器官死亡，导致生殖失败。不同谷类作物的最新进展已经确定了控制小花诞生的保守和独特的调节因子。然而，花器官死亡的分子基础才刚刚开始被理解。在这篇综述中，我们首先提供了主要谷类作物中花发育领域的当前研究结果的概述，并概述了不同形式的花器官死亡，特别是在禾本科作物中。然后，我们强调了血管模式和光合作用在花发育和生殖成功中的重要性，并主张在农业生态学背景下扩展对花诞生-死亡平衡的认识。
