Shin Jiyun, Lee Kiyoung, Park Seung Yeol, Lim Miyoung
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2024 Nov;34(6):1054-1063. doi: 10.1038/s41370-024-00654-1. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
Children may be exposed to harmful chemicals from their products. Accurate exposure factors are critical for exposure assessment of children's products. Product usage pattern parameters are relatively limited compared with the chemical concentration, children's physiological and behavioral parameters.
The aim of this study was to determine nationally representative Korean exposure factors for the usage patterns of children's products by sex, age, and season.
Using proportional quota sampling, a survey of 10,000 households with children aged 0-12 years was conducted twice, once in summer and winter. The children's ages were divided into four groups: infant (0-2 years old), toddler (3-6), lower-grade elementary student (7-9), and higher-grade elementary student (10-12). Data on exposure factors such as use rate, use frequency, and use duration of 57 children's products were collected.
The 57 products were classified into five categories: baby products (13), toys (12), daily products (10), sporting goods (8), and stationery (14). The use rates of products in the daily products and stationery category were >90% in both seasons. Two of the 57 products showed significant sex differences in all three exposure factors (p < 0.001). Twenty-five of the 44 non-baby products showed significant age differences for all three exposure factors. Twenty-three of the 57 products varied significantly with season for all three exposure factors.
This study generated a nationally representative exposure factor database for the usage patterns of children's products in Korea. The exposure factors for 57 children's products were investigated through twice survey with quota sampling with each 10,000 children nationwide. Sex, age, and seasonal differences for children's products were identified. These accurate exposure factors by sex, age, and season can be used as input parameters for refined exposure assessment.
儿童可能会接触到其产品中的有害化学物质。准确的暴露因素对于儿童产品的暴露评估至关重要。与化学物质浓度、儿童生理和行为参数相比，产品使用模式参数相对有限。
本研究的目的是确定按性别、年龄和季节划分的具有全国代表性的韩国儿童产品使用模式暴露因素。
采用比例配额抽样法，对10000户有0至12岁儿童的家庭进行了两次调查，一次在夏季，一次在冬季。儿童年龄分为四组：婴儿（0至2岁）、幼儿（3至6岁）、低年级小学生（7至9岁）和高年级小学生（10至12岁）。收集了57种儿童产品的使用率、使用频率和使用时长等暴露因素数据。
57种产品分为五类：婴儿用品（13种）、玩具（12种）、日用品（10种）、体育用品（8种）和文具（14种）。日用品和文具类产品在两个季节的使用率均>90%。57种产品中有两种在所有三个暴露因素上均表现出显著的性别差异（p<0.001）。44种非婴儿产品中有25种在所有三个暴露因素上表现出显著的年龄差异。57种产品中有23种在所有三个暴露因素上随季节有显著变化。
本研究生成了一个具有全国代表性的韩国儿童产品使用模式暴露因素数据库。通过在全国范围内对各10000名儿童进行配额抽样的两次调查，对57种儿童产品的暴露因素进行了调查。确定了儿童产品的性别、年龄和季节差异。这些按性别、年龄和季节划分的准确暴露因素可作为精细暴露评估的输入参数。
