Sanchez-Zannatta Joaquin, Wang Li Fang, Beltranena Eduardo, Zijlstra Ruurd T
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
Transl Anim Sci. 2024 Feb 9;8:txae017. doi: 10.1093/tas/txae017. eCollection 2024.
Non-food grade and excess lentil grain production may be included in swine feeds to provide starch and protein and reduce feed cost. Extrusion processing may increase energy and nutrient digestibility of lentil-based diets containing either supplemental plant or animal protein sources. Therefore, the apparent ileal digestibility () of crude protein () and amino acids (), apparent total tract digestibility () of gross energy (), and digestible energy () value of lentil-based diets were assessed in growing pigs. Two diets were formulated to provide 2.4 Mcal net energy ()/kg and 4.35 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE: (1) soybean meal () diet, containing 50% lentil, 31% wheat, and 12.8% SBM; and (2) fish meal () diet, containing 40% lentil, 45% wheat, and 10% FM. Following mixing, each diet batch was divided into two parts: one part remained as mash, whereas the other part was extruded using a single-screw extruder (400 rpm, 250 kg/h). Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (32.3 ± 1.5 kg) were fed the four diets at 2.8 times maintenance DE requirement (110 kcal per kg of body weight) for four 9-d periods in a double 4 × 4 Latin square to achieve 8 observations per diet. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including protein source, post-mixing processing, and their interaction as fixed effects. The lentil sample contained 32.3% starch, 24.4% CP, 9.3% total dietary fiber, and 1.7 mg/g of trypsin inhibitor activity on as is-basis. Interactions between dietary protein source and post-mixing processing were not observed. Feeding FM diets resulted in greater ( < 0.05) AID of dry matter (), GE, and most AA, and ATTD of CP, but lower apparent hindgut fermentation of DM and GE than SBM diets. Extrusion increased ( < 0.05) the ATTD of GE and DE value of diets. The AID of CP and AA was 3.2 and 4.7%-units greater ( < 0.05), respectively, for the extruded than mash diets. In conclusion, feeding FM diets resulted in greater ileal digestibility of DM, GE, and AA than SBM diets. Extrusion increased the AID of CP and most AA, and DE value of lentil-based diets containing either supplemental plant protein or animal-protein, indicating that extrusion can increase the energy and protein value of plant-based diets fed to pigs.
非食品级和过量的小扁豆谷物产量可用于猪饲料中，以提供淀粉和蛋白质并降低饲料成本。挤压加工可能会提高含有补充植物或动物蛋白来源的小扁豆日粮的能量和养分消化率。因此，在生长猪中评估了小扁豆日粮的粗蛋白（CP）和氨基酸（AA）的表观回肠消化率（AID）、总能（GE）的表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）以及可消化能量（DE）值。配制了两种日粮，以提供2.4兆卡净能（NE）/千克和4.35克标准化回肠可消化赖氨酸/兆卡NE：（1）豆粕（SBM）日粮，含有50%的小扁豆、31%的小麦和12.8%的SBM；（2）鱼粉（FM）日粮，含有40%的小扁豆、45%的小麦和10%的FM。混合后，每个日粮批次分为两部分：一部分保持为粉料，而另一部分使用单螺杆挤压机（400转/分钟，250千克/小时）进行挤压。八头回肠造瘘的公猪（32.3±1.5千克）在双4×4拉丁方设计中，以维持DE需求的2.8倍（每千克体重110千卡）饲喂这四种日粮，共四个9天周期，以实现每种日粮8次观测。数据作为2×2析因设计进行分析，包括蛋白质来源、混合后加工及其相互作用作为固定效应。小扁豆样品按原样计含有32.3%的淀粉、24.4%的CP、9.3%的总膳食纤维和1.7毫克/克的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。未观察到日粮蛋白质来源与混合后加工之间的相互作用。饲喂FM日粮导致干物质（DM）、GE和大多数AA的AID更高（P<0.05），CP的ATTD更高，但DM和GE的表观后肠发酵低于SBM日粮。挤压提高了（P<0.05）日粮的GE的ATTD和DE值。与粉料日粮相比，挤压日粮的CP和AA的AID分别高3.2和4.7个百分点（P<0.05）。总之，饲喂FM日粮导致DM、GE和AA的回肠消化率高于SBM日粮。挤压提高了含有补充植物蛋白或动物蛋白的小扁豆日粮的CP和大多数AA的AID以及DE值，表明挤压可以提高喂给猪的植物性日粮的能量和蛋白质价值。
