Deva Anitha, Madhavi Bindu, Kumar Nagaiah Suresh, Pm Beena
Department of Microbiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 29;16(1):e53205. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53205. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Introduction Influenza virus is a significant human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) associated with significant mortality worldwide. The H1N1 Influenza virus that caused a pandemic in 2009 continued to cause periodic epidemics worldwide, with new variants posing significant public health problems. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characteristics of influenza at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods From 2017 to 2019, respiratory samples from suspected cases of influenza belonging to category C received at the microbiology laboratory were transported to Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal, in the cold chain for testing of influenza virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as per CDC guidelines. The microbiological reports were collected and evaluated. The details of patients positive for influenza were analyzed for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results During the study period, 172 samples from SARI patients were tested, out of which 44 patients were positive for the influenza virus, accounting for a prevalence of 25.58%; 84% (n=37) of the cases were infected with H1N1 influenza virus, and the other 11.36% (n=5) and 4.54% (n=2) cases yielded H1N2 and H1N3 influenza virus, respectively. Among 44 patients, 56.81% (n=25) were females and 43.18% (n=19) were males. Most of the patients, 65.9% (n=29), were between 40 and 60 years old. The predominant presenting symptoms were fever in 81.81% (n=36) patients, breathlessness in 56.8% (n=25) patients, and cough in 54.54% (n=24) patients. Twelve (27.27%) patients had acute severe respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant mortality rate of 22.72% (n=10) was noted in the study. Conclusion A significant prevalence of influenza was noted in the study at 25.58%. Along with the H1N1 Influenza virus, the new strains detected in our region were H1N2 and H1N3 influenza viruses. Regular surveillance is important in the early detection of cases, for timely management, to reduce mortality, and to take measures to prevent the spread of this important infectious disease.
引言
流感病毒是一种重要的人类病原体，可引发严重急性呼吸疾病（SARI），在全球范围内导致大量死亡。2009年引发大流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒继续在全球范围内引发周期性疫情，新变种带来了重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在确定一家三级护理教学医院中流感的流行情况和特征。
方法
2017年至2019年期间，微生物实验室接收的丙类疑似流感病例的呼吸道样本被冷链运输至马尼帕尔病毒研究中心进行检测，按照美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的指南，采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）检测流感病毒。收集并评估微生物报告。对流感检测呈阳性的患者的详细信息进行人口统计学和临床特征分析。
结果
在研究期间，对172例SARI患者的样本进行了检测，其中44例患者的流感病毒检测呈阳性，患病率为25.58%；84%（n = 37）的病例感染了甲型H1N1流感病毒，另外11.36%（n = 5）和4.54%（n = 2）的病例分别检测出甲型H1N2和甲型H1N3流感病毒。在44例患者中，56.81%（n = 25）为女性，43.18%（n = 19）为男性。大多数患者，即65.9%（n = 29），年龄在40至60岁之间。主要症状为发热（81.81%，n = 36）、呼吸急促（56.8%，n = 25）和咳嗽（54.54%，n = 24）。12例（27.27%）患者患有急性重症呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。研究中观察到显著的死亡率为22.72%（n = 10）。
结论
本研究中流感的患病率高达25.58%。除甲型H1N1流感病毒外，在我们地区检测到的新毒株为甲型H1N2和甲型H1N3流感病毒。定期监测对于早期发现病例、及时管理、降低死亡率以及采取措施预防这种重要传染病的传播至关重要。
