Malhotra Bharti, Singh Ruchi, Sharma Pratibha, Meena Deepa, Gupta Jyoti, Atreya Aditya, Meena B R
Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India.
Department of Health & Family Welfare, Directorate of Medical & Health Services, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2016 Dec;144(6):918-923. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1183_15.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus emerged in 2009 and caused pandemic with high morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. The number of H1N1-positive cases varied in different years in Rajasthan. The objective of the study was to present the epidemiological profile of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus cases in Rajasthan from January to March 2015.
A retrospective descriptive, record-based analysis of suspected and confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Rajasthan, India, from January to March 2015 was performed. Testing was done as per the Centers for Disease Control guidelines at nine laboratories approved by the Government of Rajasthan. Data were analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and outcome.
Among 18,187 tested cases, 6203 (34.10%) were positive. Death occurred in 378 cases, with six per cent case fatality rate. Maximum number of cases (n=2801) and deaths (n=101) were from Jaipur zone. The highest number of cases, 47.60 per cent (2953/6203) and deaths, 52.11 per cent (197/378) were in the age group of 26-50 yr; 52.64 per cent (199/378) of deaths occurred in females. The highest number (63.5%) of deaths was from urban areas. Associated risk factors were observed in 59.44 per cent of the death cases, pregnancy being the predominant predisposing factor. In 61.92 per cent of patients, death occurred within three days of hospitalization.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: H1N1 epidemic caused high morbidity and mortality in early 2015, particularly in the younger and middle-aged population and pregnant women in Rajasthan State of India. The study highlights the regular surveillance of influenza like illness, early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy in suspected cases.
2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行病毒出现，并在印度及全球范围内引发了高发病率和高死亡率的大流行。拉贾斯坦邦不同年份的H1N1阳性病例数量有所不同。本研究的目的是呈现2015年1月至3月拉贾斯坦邦甲型H1N1流感大流行病毒病例的流行病学概况。
对2015年1月至3月印度拉贾斯坦邦甲型H1N1流感大流行病毒感染疑似和确诊病例进行回顾性描述性记录分析。检测按照拉贾斯坦邦政府批准的9个实验室的疾病控制中心指南进行。对人口统计学特征、临床表现和结局进行数据分析。
在18187例检测病例中，6203例（34.10%）呈阳性。378例死亡，病死率为6%。病例数（n = 2801）和死亡数（n = 101）最多的来自斋浦尔地区。病例数最多的是26 - 50岁年龄组，占47.60%（2953/6203），死亡数最多的也是该年龄组，占52.11%（197/378）；52.64%（199/378）的死亡病例发生在女性中。死亡病例中最高比例（63.5%）来自城市地区。59.44%的死亡病例观察到相关危险因素，妊娠是主要的诱发因素。61.92%的患者在住院三天内死亡。
2015年初H1N1疫情导致高发病率和高死亡率，特别是在印度拉贾斯坦邦的年轻人、中年人群和孕妇中。该研究强调了对流感样疾病的定期监测、早期诊断以及对疑似病例及时开始治疗。
