Rakshit Tatini, Pal Suchetan
Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR 201314, India.
Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg 491001, India.
JACS Au. 2024 Jan 18;4(2):318-327. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00611. eCollection 2024 Feb 26.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanopouches generated by all cells and are abundant in various body fluids. Depending on the parent and recipient cells, EVs exchange diverse constituents including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and metabolites. Morphologically, EVs suffer from low zeta potentials and short circulation times, but they also offer low intrinsic immunogenicity and inherent stability. Some crucial factors for the effective clinical application of EVs include controlling immune system clearance, achieving the large-scale production of EVs with efficient quality control, and determining the dominant mechanism of the action of EVs. In this Perspective, we shed light on how these intriguing nano-objects are utilized in cellular imaging and drug delivery for disease therapeutics. We also discuss potential strategies for overcoming the associated limitations.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由所有细胞产生的脂质双层包裹的纳米囊泡，在各种体液中含量丰富。根据其来源细胞和靶细胞的不同，细胞外囊泡可以交换包括核酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物和代谢物在内的多种成分。从形态学角度来看，细胞外囊泡存在zeta电位低和循环时间短的问题，但它们也具有低固有免疫原性和内在稳定性。细胞外囊泡有效临床应用的一些关键因素包括控制免疫系统清除、实现大规模生产并进行高效质量控制以及确定细胞外囊泡作用的主导机制。在这篇观点文章中，我们阐述了这些有趣的纳米物体如何被用于细胞成像和疾病治疗的药物递送。我们还讨论了克服相关限制的潜在策略。
