Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa.
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Mar 20;12(12):2950-2984. doi: 10.1039/d4tb00184b.
Thin-film nano-architecting is a promising approach that controls the properties of nanoscale surfaces to increase their interdisciplinary applications in a variety of fields. In this context, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based various nano-architectures (0-3D) such as quantum dots, nanorods/nanotubes, nanothin films, tetrapods, nanoflowers, hollow structures, have been extensively researched by the scientific community in the past decade. Owing to its unique surface charge transport properties, optoelectronic properties and reported biomedical applications, ZnO has been considered as one of the most important futuristic bio-nanomaterials. This review is focused on the design/synthesis and engineering of 0-3D nano-architecture ZnO-based thin films and coatings with tunable characteristics for multifunctional biomedical applications. Although ZnO has been extensively researched, ZnO thin films composed of 0-3D nanoarchitectures with promising thin film device bio-nanotechnology applications have rarely been reviewed. The current review focuses on important details about the technologies used to make ZnO-based thin films, as well as the customization of properties related to bioactivities, characterization, and device fabrication for modern biomedical uses that are relevant. It features biosensing, tissue engineering/wound healing, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activity, as well as biomedical diagnosis and therapy with an emphasis on a better understanding of the mechanisms of action. Eventually, key issues, experimental parameters and factors, open challenges, in thin film device fabrications and applications, and future prospects will be discussed, followed by a summary and conclusion.
薄膜纳米结构是一种很有前途的方法，它可以控制纳米级表面的特性，从而增加其在各个领域的交叉学科应用。在这方面，过去十年中，科学界广泛研究了基于氧化锌（ZnO）的各种纳米结构（0-3D），如量子点、纳米棒/纳米管、纳米薄膜、四足体、纳米花、空心结构等。由于其独特的表面电荷输运特性、光电特性和已报道的生物医学应用，ZnO 被认为是最重要的未来生物纳米材料之一。
本综述重点介绍了具有可调特性的 0-3D 纳米结构 ZnO 基薄膜和涂层的设计/合成和工程，这些薄膜和涂层可用于多功能生物医学应用。尽管 ZnO 已经得到了广泛的研究，但具有 promising 薄膜器件生物纳米技术应用的 ZnO 薄膜，由 0-3D 纳米结构组成，却很少有文献进行综述。本综述重点介绍了用于制造 ZnO 基薄膜的重要技术细节，以及与生物活性、特性定制、生物医学用途的现代器件制造相关的特性定制，包括生物传感、组织工程/伤口愈合、抗菌、抗病毒和抗癌活性，以及生物医学诊断和治疗，重点是更好地理解作用机制。最终，将讨论薄膜器件制造和应用中的关键问题、实验参数和因素、开放挑战，以及未来展望，并进行总结和结论。
