Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
Chemosphere. 2024 Apr;353:141566. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
为了环境可持续性并实现可持续发展目标 (SDGs)，饮用水处理必须以合理的成本进行，且对环境的影响最小。因此，处理受污染的饮用水需要使用廉价、本地生产且易于使用的材料和方法。因此，深入研究了本地可用材料及其衍生物，如生物炭 (BC) 和活性炭 (AC)。许多研究人员及其研究结果表明，应用本地可得的材料及其衍生物能够从饮用水中吸附去除有机和无机污染物。应用本地可用的材料，如木质纤维素材料/废物及其热化学衍生产品，包括 BC 和 AC，已被证明在处理受污染的饮用水方面非常有效。因此，本综述旨在全面考察利用本地可得的原料来定制 BC 和 AC 的最新进展，以及它们在处理饮用水方面的特点和应用。我们试图解释与 BC 和 AC 的潜在机制相关的事实，例如络合、共沉淀、静电相互作用和离子交换来处理水，从而实现对污染水的无风险修复方法。此外，本研究还就基于与定制吸附剂相关的健康风险和成本效益分析创建高效的家庭处理单元提供了指导。最后，本综述工作讨论了使用本地可得的材料及其热化学生产的副产物来净化饮用水的当前障碍，以及技术干预的必要性。
