KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE.
KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE; DNIPRO STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, DNIPRO, UKRAINE.
Wiad Lek. 2024;77(1):114-119. doi: 10.36740/WLek202401114.
Aim: To review the publications subject to the problem of COVID-19 associated anosmia incidence in pediatric patients as well as its pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment and recovery. The peculiarity of pediatric COVID-19 anosmia is due to children accounting for very low percentage of COVID-19 patients (comparing to one in adults), mostly with milder course of the disease. Awareness of anosmia and its proper diagnostics is crucial in children and adolescents, considering it can be the only manifestation in COVID-19 positive pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods: In order to achieve this goal a meta-analysis of information from databases followed by statistical processing and generalisation of the obtained data was carried out.
Conclusions: Publications on COVID-19 anosmia in children and adolescents are less numerous than those concerning adult patients, so it is important to use every single trustworthy one. Anosmia/ageusia may be the only symptom, early identifier and the strongest predictor of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients. Prospects for further scientific researches. Further researches regarding differential diagnostics of COVID-19 and other infections, including seasonal influenza, manifesting with both olfactory and taste dysfunction as well as anosmia diagnostics in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum and different types of mental disorders are possible.
旨在回顾与儿科 COVID-19 相关嗅觉丧失发生率相关的出版物，以及其发病机制、诊断、治疗和恢复。儿科 COVID-19 嗅觉丧失的特殊性在于儿童在 COVID-19 患者中所占比例非常低（与成年人相比为 1/1），且大多数患者疾病的病程较轻。鉴于 COVID-19 阳性儿科患者可能仅表现为嗅觉丧失，因此了解嗅觉丧失及其正确诊断对于儿童和青少年至关重要。
材料和方法：为了实现这一目标，对数据库中的信息进行了荟萃分析，随后进行了统计处理和对获得的数据进行了概括。
与成年患者相比，有关儿童和青少年 COVID-19 嗅觉丧失的出版物较少，因此重要的是要使用每一篇可靠的出版物。嗅觉丧失/味觉障碍可能是儿科患者 COVID-19 感染的唯一症状、早期指标和最强预测因素。进一步研究的前景。进一步研究 COVID-19 与其他感染（包括季节性流感）的鉴别诊断，包括嗅觉和味觉功能障碍以及自闭症谱系和不同类型精神障碍儿童和青少年的嗅觉丧失诊断是可能的。
