Skogseth Emma M, Brant Kristina, Harrison Eric, Apsley Hannah B, Crowley Max, Schwartz Robert P, Jones Abenaa A
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Agricultural Economics, Society, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Subst Use. 2024 Jan 10;18:11782218231222339. doi: 10.1177/11782218231222339. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
The disproportionate incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and the alarming increases in opioid-related overdose deaths among women highlight a clear need for the expansion of effective harm reduction and treatment practices. Research supports medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) as an effective intervention; however, with low rates of utilization of such, there is a need to identify factors that facilitate MOUD treatment uptake and retention for women. Thus, the current study examines contributors to treatment success through the triangulation of perspectives from affected women as well as health and criminal justice professionals.
Interviews (N = 42) were conducted from May to July 2022 with women in recovery who previously used or currently use MOUD (N = 10), women who currently use opioids who terminated a MOUD program previously (N = 10), SUD treatment professionals (N = 12), and criminal justice professionals who work with women who use opioids (N = 10). Interviews for all participants centered around their backgrounds, perceived barriers and facilitators to MOUD treatment, and issues specific to women in treatment for substance use disorder. We used a thematic qualitative data analysis process to analyze transcripts.
Participants highlighted contributors to treatment success from 3 domains: (1) internal processes (including promoting self-efficacy and setting realistic goals), (2) access to resources (including material resources, such as food and shelter, educational resources and social support), and (3) treatment structure (such as treatment type and protocol).
Internal processes, access to resources, and treatment structure contribute to MOUD treatment success for women with OUD. Structured support where experiences are shared, and realistic goals are set, may promote feelings of acceptance and empowerment, thereby bolstering chances of treatment success. Additionally, the court system can promote evidence-based and trauma-informed substance use treatment and provide accessible educational resources related to substance use to extend these benefits to more women.
阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的发病率在性别上存在差异，且女性中与阿片类药物相关的过量死亡人数惊人增加，这凸显了扩大有效减少伤害和治疗措施的迫切需求。研究支持将阿片类药物使用障碍药物（MOUD）作为一种有效干预措施；然而，由于此类药物的利用率较低，有必要确定促进女性接受和持续使用MOUD治疗的因素。因此，本研究通过综合受影响女性以及健康和刑事司法专业人员的观点，探讨治疗成功的影响因素。
2022年5月至7月，对处于康复期的女性（N = 42）进行了访谈，这些女性曾使用或正在使用MOUD（N = 10）、曾使用阿片类药物且此前终止了MOUD项目的女性（N = 10）、物质使用障碍（SUD）治疗专业人员（N = 12）以及与使用阿片类药物的女性打交道的刑事司法专业人员（N = 10）。所有参与者的访谈都围绕她们的背景、对MOUD治疗的感知障碍和促进因素，以及物质使用障碍治疗中女性特有的问题展开。我们使用主题定性数据分析过程来分析访谈记录。
参与者强调了治疗成功的三个领域的影响因素：（1）内部过程（包括提高自我效能感和设定现实目标）、（2）资源获取（包括物质资源，如食物和住所、教育资源和社会支持）以及（3）治疗结构（如治疗类型和方案）。
内部过程、资源获取和治疗结构有助于患有OUD的女性在MOUD治疗中取得成功。提供结构化支持，让她们分享经历并设定现实目标，可能会增强她们的接纳感和赋权感，从而提高治疗成功的机会。此外，法院系统可以促进基于证据和创伤知情的物质使用治疗，并提供与物质使用相关的可获取教育资源，将这些益处扩展到更多女性。
