Yustus Isaack M, Millanzi Walter C, Herman Patricia Z
Department of Clinical Nursing, Kilwa Road Police Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
Department of Nursing Management and Education, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania.
SAGE Open Med. 2024 Mar 1;12:20503121241234222. doi: 10.1177/20503121241234222. eCollection 2024.
Excessive consumption of comfort foods, which are mostly high in carbs, and limitations on outdoor and gym-based physical activities, for instance, are associated with foods high in the glycemic index and raise the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In pandemic and or epidemic situations, peoples' lifestyles may change significantly to lead them to non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle changes and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults have not been well established in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in the country.
A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dodoma region, Tanzania between September and October 2020 of which 107 adults aged above 18 years were studied regardless of whether they were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus or not using a quantitative research approach. Interviewer-administered lifestyle habits and medication adherence structured questionnaires benchmarked from previous studies served as the main tools of data collection. The statistical package for social sciences computer program was used to analyze the data descriptively for frequencies and percentages and by regression analysis model to determine the association between variables with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level.
With a mean age of 31 ± 2.527 years, 59.8% of the respondents were female. 60.7% and 11.7% of the respondents had unhealthy and moderate lifestyle choices respectively. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus accounted for 63.9% of the respondents of which 44.6% were diagnostically confirmed during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic against 19.3% of respondents who were diagnosed before the pandemic. Medication adherence among the type 2 diabetes mellitus respondents accounted for 77.9% of the study respondents. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with being in the 36-55 age group (AOR = 1.054; 95% CI: 0.292, 3.162; < 0.05); being female (AOR = 1.398; 95% CI: 0.205, 3.048; < 0.05); having a job (AOR = 2.597; 95% CI: 1.243, 4.402, < 0.05); and having unhealthy lifestyle habits (AOR = 3.301; 95% CI: 1.199, 6.52; < 0.05).
The majority of adults had type 2 diabetes mellitus of which most of them were confirmed to have the disease during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. Few type 2 diabetes mellitus adults did not adhere to their medications as recommended. Their sociodemographic characteristics profiles and unhealthy lifestyles significantly led them to have the problem. The treatment of the disease above and health promotion activities may need to take unhealthy lifestyle choices and certain sociodemographic profiles of adults into consideration to assist in preventing the problem.
过度食用大多富含碳水化合物的安慰食品，以及限制户外和基于健身房的体育活动等，与血糖指数高的食物有关，并增加了肥胖和2型糖尿病的风险。在大流行和/或疫情情况下，人们的生活方式可能会发生显著变化，从而导致他们患上非传染性疾病。然而，在坦桑尼亚，2019年冠状病毒病大流行期间成年人生活方式的变化以及2型糖尿病的发生情况尚未得到充分证实。本研究评估了该国成年人中2型糖尿病的患病率、药物依从性及其决定因素。
2020年9月至10月在坦桑尼亚多多马地区进行了一项基于社区的分析性横断面研究，采用定量研究方法，对107名18岁以上的成年人进行了研究，无论他们是否新诊断为2型糖尿病。以前期研究为基准、由访谈员管理的生活习惯和药物依从性结构化问卷作为主要数据收集工具。使用社会科学统计软件包计算机程序对数据进行描述性分析，得出频率和百分比，并通过回归分析模型确定变量之间的关联，置信区间为95%，显著性水平为5%。
受访者的平均年龄为31±2.527岁，59.8%为女性。60.7%和11.7%的受访者分别有不健康和中等健康的生活方式选择。2型糖尿病的患病率占受访者的63.9%，其中44.6%是在2019年冠状病毒病大流行期间确诊的，而在大流行之前确诊的受访者占19.3%。2型糖尿病受访者中的药物依从性占研究受访者的77.9%。2型糖尿病与36 - 55岁年龄组显著相关（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.054；95%置信区间：0.292，3.162；P<0.05）；女性（AOR = 1.398；95%置信区间：0.205，3.048；P<0.05）；有工作（AOR = 2.597；95%置信区间：1.243，4.402，P<0.
