Ustuntag Sumeyye, Cakir Nida, Erdem Aysegul, Ozmen Ozkan, Dogan Mehmet
Department of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkiye.
Department of Fashion Design Trabzon Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkiye.
ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 14;9(8):9475-9485. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09074. eCollection 2024 Feb 27.
Discovering new applications for discarded materials, such as leather waste (LW), has proven to be an effective approach to an ecofriendly and sustainable production. The manufacture of halogen-free flame retardant LW containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based samples containing an organic phosphinate (OP)-based flame retardant additive would represent an advance in this area. The effects of LW and OP levels on the thermal, flame retardant, and tensile properties of the samples using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), mass loss calorimetry, and tensile tests have been assessed. OP is highly effective in LW-filled TPU. The highest UL-94 V rating of V0, LOI value of 31.4%, the lowest peak heat release rate (93 ± 3 kW/m), and total heat evolved (49 ± 2 MJ/m) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt % OP. OP is primarily promoted through the creation of a compact intumescent residue structure in the condensed phase. LW exhibits an adjuvant effect by producing nonflammable gases in the gas phase and raising the residual yield in the condensed phase. The most remarkable effect of the LW presence is observed in fire performance index (FPI) and fire growth rate (FIGRA) values. The highest FPI value of 0.49 sm/kW and the lowest FIGRA value of 0.91 kW/ms are observed with the use of 20 wt % LW.
发现废弃材料（如皮革废料（LW））的新应用已被证明是实现生态友好和可持续生产的有效途径。制造含无卤阻燃剂的LW，该LW含有基于热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）且含有基于有机次膦酸盐（OP）的阻燃添加剂的样品，将代表该领域的一项进展。使用热重分析（TGA）、极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直UL - 94（UL - 94 V）、质量损失量热法和拉伸试验，评估了LW和OP含量对样品热性能、阻燃性能和拉伸性能的影响。OP在填充LW的TPU中具有高效性。使用20 wt%的OP时，可获得最高的V0级UL - 94 V评级、31.4%的LOI值、最低的峰值热释放速率（93±3 kW/m）和总热释放量（49±2 MJ/m）值。OP主要通过在凝聚相中形成致密的膨胀残余物结构来发挥作用。LW通过在气相中产生不可燃气体并提高凝聚相中的残余产率而表现出辅助作用。LW存在的最显著影响体现在火灾性能指数（FPI）和火灾增长率（FIGRA）值上。使用20 wt% 的LW时，观察到最高的FPI值为0.49 sm/kW，最低的FIGRA值为0.91 kW/ms。
