Kosmela Paulina, Sałasińska Kamila, Kowalkowska-Zedler Daria, Barczewski Mateusz, Piasecki Adam, Saeb Mohammad Reza, Hejna Aleksander
Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Feb 28;16(5):656. doi: 10.3390/polym16050656.
Inadequate fire resistance of polymers raises questions about their advanced applications. Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams have myriad applications but inherently suffer from very high flammability. Because of the dependency of the ultimate properties (mechanical and damping performance) of PU foams on their cellular structure, reinforcement of PU with additives brings about further concerns. Though they are highly flammable and known for their environmental consequences, rubber wastes are desired from a circularity standpoint, which can also improve the mechanical properties of PU foams. In this work, melamine cyanurate (MC), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) are used as well-known flame retardants (FRs) to develop highly fire-retardant ground tire rubber (GTR) particles for flexible PU foams. Analysis of the burning behavior of the resulting PU/GTR composites revealed that the armed GTR particles endowed PU with reduced flammability expressed by over 30% increase in limiting oxygen index, 50% drop in peak heat release rate, as well as reduced smoke generation. The () was used to classify and label PU/GTR composites such that the amount of GTR was found to be more important than that of FR type. The wide range of (0.94-7.56), taking to performance labels, was indicative of the sensitivity of flame retardancy to the hybridization of FR with GTR components, a feature of practicality. The results are promising for fire protection requirements in buildings; however, the flammability reduction was achieved at the expense of mechanical and thermal insulation performance.
聚合物的耐火性不足引发了人们对其先进应用的质疑。柔性聚氨酯（PU）泡沫有多种应用，但本质上具有很高的易燃性。由于PU泡沫的最终性能（机械和阻尼性能）取决于其泡孔结构，用添加剂增强PU会带来更多问题。尽管橡胶废料高度易燃且存在环境问题，但从循环利用的角度来看，它们是有价值的，而且还可以改善PU泡沫的机械性能。在这项工作中，三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐（MC）、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐（MPP）和聚磷酸铵（APP）被用作著名的阻燃剂（FRs），以开发用于柔性PU泡沫的高阻燃地面轮胎橡胶（GTR）颗粒。对所得PU/GTR复合材料燃烧行为的分析表明，带有阻燃剂的GTR颗粒使PU的易燃性降低，表现为极限氧指数提高30%以上、热释放峰值速率下降50%以及烟雾生成减少。（）用于对PU/GTR复合材料进行分类和标记，结果发现GTR的用量比FR类型更重要。（0.94 - 7.56）的范围很广，将其归为性能标签，这表明阻燃性对FR与GTR组分杂化的敏感性，这是一个实用的特性。这些结果对于建筑物的防火要求很有前景；然而，易燃性的降低是以牺牲机械和隔热性能为代价的。
