Alhadi Ahmad N, Alageel Musab A, Alsuhaibani Fahad A, Alkaff Hussain M, Albawardi Musaid S, Alfaifi Abdullah A, Duraihem Turky B, Alhayes Faisal A
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Feb 2;16(2):e53436. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53436. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a subtype of anxiety characterized by avoidance, fear, and physical symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, palpitations, and blushing. SAD is one of the most common mental disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder marked by a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or minor flaws in one's physical appearance. Both disorders share similar symptoms. No satisfactory data have been provided about the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms in our region. In our study, we measured the prevalence and severity of SAD symptoms among adults in Riyadh City, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with it. Additionally, the correlation between SAD and BDD was assessed. Methods Our study is quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional. It was conducted by administering a translated Arabic version of the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder scale and BDD scales in five locations in Riyadh, which include two general hospitals and three shopping malls. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistical data are presented through mean values, standard deviations, and percentages. Results A total of 752 responses were received, of which 509 (68.32%) were from females with a mean age of 30.12 years. The majority of the sample had a low to middle family income, with 64% earning less than $2555 monthly. The sample possessed a good educational level; 63% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Our study also shows that 233 subjects (30.98%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of SAD. Among these participants, 86 (36.9%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of BDD. There was a significant positive correlation between SAD and BDD (r = 0.496). Conclusion The prevalence of SAD was 30.98%, which is higher compared to Western countries. Low income, education, and female gender have roles in the disease condition. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between SAD and BDD.
社交焦虑障碍（SAD）是焦虑症的一种亚型，其特征为回避、恐惧以及口干、出汗、心悸和脸红等身体症状。SAD是最常见的精神障碍之一。躯体变形障碍（BDD）是一种精神障碍，其特征是对自身外貌的想象或微小瑕疵存在令人痛苦或损害功能的过度关注。这两种障碍有相似的症状。关于我们所在地区社交焦虑症状的患病率，尚未提供令人满意的数据。在我们的研究中，我们测量了利雅得市成年人中SAD症状的患病率和严重程度，以及与之相关的社会人口学因素。此外，还评估了SAD与BDD之间的相关性。
我们的研究是定量、观察性和横断面研究。通过在利雅得的五个地点（包括两家综合医院和三个购物中心）发放社交焦虑障碍严重程度量表和BDD量表的阿拉伯语翻译版本来进行研究。使用SPSS 22版（美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司）对数据进行分析。描述性统计数据通过均值、标准差和百分比呈现。
共收到752份回复，其中509份（68.32%）来自女性，平均年龄为30.12岁。大多数样本家庭收入低至中等，64%的人月收入低于2555美元。样本具有良好的教育水平；63%的人拥有学士学位或更高学历。我们的研究还表明，233名受试者（30.98%）的得分表明存在中度至重度形式的SAD。在这些参与者中，86人（36.9%）的得分表明存在中度至重度形式的BDD。SAD与BDD之间存在显著正相关（r = 0.496）。
SAD的患病率为30.98%，高于西方国家。低收入、教育程度和女性性别在疾病状况中起作用。此外，SAD与BDD之间存在线性关系。
