Wang Rong, Guragain Manita, Chitlapilly Dass Sapna, Palanisamy Vignesh, Bosilevac Joseph M
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 16;15:1338600. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1338600. eCollection 2024.
is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S. In the meat industry, one action taken to address pathogen contamination incidence is an intense sanitization (IS) of the entire processing plant that many large processors perform annually or semiannually. However, this procedure's immediate and long-term impact on environment microbial community and pathogen colonization are unknown. Here we investigated the impact of IS procedure on environmental biofilms and the subsequent colonization and stress tolerance. Environmental samples were collected from floor drains at various areas 1 week before, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the IS procedure at a beef plant with sporadic prevalence. Biofilm formation by microorganisms in the drain samples without presence was tested under processing temperature. The ability of the biofilms to recruit and/or protect a co-inoculated strain from quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) treatment was determined. The community structure of each drain sample was elucidated through 16S rRNA amplicon community sequencing. Post-IS samples collected from 8 drains formed significantly stronger biofilms than the respective pre-IS samples. colonization was not different between the pre- and post-IS biofilms at all drain locations. survival in QAC-treated pre- and post-IS mixed biofilms varied depending upon the drain location but a higher survival was associated with a stronger biofilm matrix. The 16S rRNA amplicon gene community sequencing results exhibited a decrease in community diversity 1 week after IS treatment but followed by a significant increase 4 weeks after the treatment. The IS procedure also significantly altered the community composition and the higher presence of certain species in the post-IS community may be associated with the stronger mixed biofilm formation and tolerance. Our study suggested that the IS procedure might disrupt the existing environmental microbial community and alter the natural population composition, which might lead to unintended consequences as a result of a lack of competition within the multispecies mixture. The survival and recruitment of species with high colonizing capability to the post-IS community may play crucial roles in shaping the ensuing ecological dynamics.
在美国，它是食源性疾病的主要原因。在肉类行业，为解决病原体污染发生率而采取的一项措施是对整个加工厂进行强化消毒（IS），许多大型加工商每年或每半年进行一次。然而，该程序对环境微生物群落和病原体定殖的即时和长期影响尚不清楚。在此，我们研究了IS程序对环境生物膜以及随后的定殖和应激耐受性的影响。在一家发病率 sporadic 的牛肉加工厂，在IS程序前1周、1周和4周从不同区域的地漏收集环境样本。在加工温度下测试了排水样本中不存在时微生物的生物膜形成情况。测定了生物膜招募和/或保护共接种菌株免受季铵化合物（QAC）处理的能力。通过16S rRNA扩增子群落测序阐明了每个排水样本的群落结构。从8个地漏收集的IS后样本形成的生物膜比各自的IS前样本明显更强。在所有排水位置，IS前和IS后生物膜之间的定殖没有差异。在QAC处理的IS前和IS后混合生物膜中的存活情况因排水位置而异，但较高的存活率与更强的生物膜基质有关。16S rRNA扩增子基因群落测序结果显示，IS处理后1周群落多样性下降，但处理后4周显著增加。IS程序还显著改变了群落组成，IS后群落中某些物种的较高存在可能与更强的混合生物膜形成和耐受性有关。我们的研究表明，IS程序可能会破坏现有的环境微生物群落并改变自然种群组成，由于多物种混合物中缺乏竞争，这可能会导致意想不到的后果。具有高定殖能力的物种在IS后群落中的存活和招募可能在塑造随后的生态动态中起关键作用。
