Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases.
Departments of Health Policy and Biomedical Informatics, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2024 Jun 1;37(3):170-175. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001008. Epub 2024 Mar 4.
Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes.
While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses.
Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
预防儿童急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）是全球卫生重点，因为这些疾病仍是全世界儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。随着预防严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）、流感、呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎球菌等重要病原体引起的呼吸道感染的新产品和策略不断推进，越来越多的证据表明，这些和其他呼吸道病毒和肺炎球菌可能存在相互作用，从而改变定植和疾病动态。我们旨在综述最近评估上呼吸道呼吸道病毒和肺炎球菌相互作用及其对肺炎球菌定植模式和疾病结局潜在影响的研究数据。
虽然流感感染与随后定植肺炎球菌的易感性和传染性增加之间的相互作用在文献中得到了广泛报道，但新出现的证据表明，人类鼻病毒、SARS-CoV-2 和其他病毒也可能与肺炎球菌相互作用并改变肺炎球菌定植模式。此外，定植肺炎球菌可能在改变与呼吸道病毒感染相关的结局方面发挥作用。最近的证据表明，接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗以及预防包括在这些疫苗中的肺炎球菌血清型定植，可能与降低随后的病毒感染风险和相关疾病的严重程度有关。
了解病毒-肺炎球菌相互作用的方向和动态，可以阐明现有和新出现的病毒和细菌疫苗以及其他预防策略对这些重要呼吸道病原体健康影响的潜在影响。
