Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Mar 4;24(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04621-5.
Oropharyngeal interventions are an accepted method to improve the nutritional performance of premature infants. Considering the countless benefits of breast milk and the few studies on the use of breast milk as an oral-pharyngeal intervention, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of oral-pharyngeal administration of breast milk on nutritional outcomes in premature infants.
In this clinical trial, 80 premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Amir al-Mu'minin Hospital in Semnan (a city in Iran) were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). Infants in the intervention group were given breast milk, and infants in the control group were given sterile water as a placebo. The data collection tool included demographic and clinical questions checklist, including sex, gestational age, weight, milk administration time, lavage and its amount, vomiting, abdominal distension, and so on. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23.
The mean volume of total milk received by infants (p = 0.047) and the mean volume of milk received by mouth (p < 0.000) at the time of discharge were higher in the intervention group. Moreover, the time to start enteral nutrition in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (P = 0.012). Administering mother's milk through the oropharyngeal method led to a reduction in infants' length of stay in the hospital (P = 0.022).
Based on the results of the present study, the oropharyngeal administration of breast milk in the first days after the birth of premature infants admitted to the hospital improves the outcomes related to their nutritional status. Therefore, it is suggested that this convenient, safe, and feasible method be used in hospitalized premature infants as soon as possible so that premature infants can benefit from the important advantages of breast milk.
口咽部干预是改善早产儿营养状况的一种公认方法。考虑到母乳的无数益处，以及很少有研究将母乳用作口腔干预，本研究旨在确定口腔给予母乳对早产儿营养结局的影响。
在这项临床试验中，80 名住院于伊朗塞姆南省阿米尔·阿莫林医院新生儿重症监护病房的早产儿被随机分为干预组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）。干预组给予母乳，对照组给予无菌水作为安慰剂。数据收集工具包括人口统计学和临床问题检查表，包括性别、胎龄、体重、喂奶时间、冲洗及其量、呕吐、腹胀等。使用 SPSS23 进行数据分析。
干预组婴儿出院时接受的总奶量平均值（p=0.047）和经口接受的奶量平均值（p<0.000）较高。此外，干预组开始肠内营养的时间也短于对照组（P=0.012）。通过口咽部给予母亲的奶导致住院时间缩短（P=0.022）。
基于本研究的结果，在医院出生的早产儿出生后早期通过口咽部给予母乳可改善与营养状况相关的结局。因此，建议尽快将这种方便、安全且可行的方法用于住院早产儿，以使早产儿受益于母乳的重要优势。
