Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
Department of Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas; and.
J Nucl Med Technol. 2024 Mar 5;52(1):8-14. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.123.266816.
The use of medicinal cannabis has a long history dating back thousands of years. Recent discoveries have shed light on its mechanism of action with the identification of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids, which make up the body's endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoid receptors, particularly the cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors, play a crucial role in modulating the gut-brain axis and serve as potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal motility and inflammatory disorders. With increasing legalization of cannabis and a rising number of users, understanding the effects of cannabis on gut motility is essential for nuclear medicine providers. Although tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis, may decrease gut motility in experimental settings, it appears to paradoxically improve symptoms in gastroparesis. Treatment effects are difficult to measure given the large number of variables that could significantly alter outcomes, such as cannabinoid type, potency, and route of intake. Another consideration is the highly personalized gut microbiome, which directly interacts with the endocannabinoid system. Further research is required to delineate these multifaceted, complex cannabinoid interactions. The goal of this article is to explore the knowns and unknowns of the impact of cannabis on the alimentary system.
药用大麻的使用历史悠久，可以追溯到几千年前。最近的发现揭示了其作用机制，确定了大麻素受体和内源性大麻素，它们构成了人体的内源性大麻素系统。大麻素受体，特别是大麻素 1 和 2 受体，在调节肠-脑轴方面发挥着关键作用，是胃肠道动力和炎症性疾病的潜在治疗靶点。随着大麻合法化的增加和使用者的增加，了解大麻对肠道动力的影响对核医学提供者来说至关重要。尽管四氢大麻酚是大麻的主要精神活性成分，它可能会在实验环境中降低肠道动力，但它似乎在胃轻瘫中改善了症状，这是一种矛盾的现象。由于许多变量可能会显著改变结果，如大麻素类型、效力和摄入途径，因此很难衡量治疗效果。另一个需要考虑的因素是高度个性化的肠道微生物组，它直接与内源性大麻素系统相互作用。需要进一步的研究来描绘这些多方面的、复杂的大麻素相互作用。本文的目的是探讨已知和未知的大麻对消化系统的影响。
