Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
EBioMedicine. 2022 Jul;81:104113. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104113. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours an abundance of viruses, collectively known as the gut virome. The gut virome is highly heterogeneous across populations and is linked to geography, ethnicity, diet, lifestyle, and urbanisation. The currently known function of the gut virome varies greatly across human populations, and much remains unknown. We review current literature on the human gut virome, and the intricate trans-kingdom interplay among gut viruses, bacteria, and the mammalian host underlying health and diseases. We summarise evidence on the use of the gut virome as diagnostic markers and a therapeutic target. We shed light on novel avenues of microbiome-inspired diagnosis and therapies. We also review pre-clinical and clinical studies on gut virome-rectification-based therapies, including faecal microbiota transplantation, faecal virome transplantation, and refined phage therapy. Our review suggests that future research effort should focus on unravelling the mechanisms exerted by gut viruses/phages in human pathophysiology, and on developing phage-prompted precision therapies.
人类胃肠道内栖息着大量的病毒，统称为肠道病毒组。肠道病毒组在人群中的多样性非常高，与地理位置、种族、饮食、生活方式和城市化有关。目前已知的肠道病毒组的功能在不同人群中有很大的差异，还有很多未知之处。我们回顾了目前关于人类肠道病毒组的文献，以及肠道病毒、细菌和哺乳动物宿主之间错综复杂的跨领域相互作用，这些相互作用与健康和疾病有关。我们总结了肠道病毒组作为诊断标志物和治疗靶点的应用证据。我们还探讨了基于微生物组的诊断和治疗的新途径。我们还回顾了基于肠道病毒组纠正的治疗的临床前和临床研究，包括粪便微生物群移植、粪便病毒组移植和改良噬菌体治疗。我们的综述表明，未来的研究工作应集中于揭示肠道病毒/噬菌体在人类病理生理学中发挥的作用机制，并开发噬菌体诱导的精准治疗方法。
