Adams A
Nurs Clin North Am. 1985 Mar;20(1):145-9.
Knowledge of the external barriers to infection is the first step in understanding the normal defense mechanisms of the host. The intact skin and mucous membranes, with their normal flora and secretions, the action of cilia in the upper respiratory tract, secretory functions, and the normal flow of body fluids are all important factors associated with the external defense against infections. When these barriers are altered or breached, the potential for infection increases and the internal immune system is activated to assist in defending the body.
了解感染的外部屏障是理解宿主正常防御机制的第一步。完整的皮肤和黏膜及其正常菌群和分泌物、上呼吸道纤毛的作用、分泌功能以及体液的正常流动都是与抵御感染的外部防御相关的重要因素。当这些屏障被改变或破坏时，感染的可能性增加，内部免疫系统被激活以协助保护身体。
