Baumard Josselin, Laniepce Alice, Lesourd Mathieu, Guezouli Léna, Beaucousin Virginie, Gehin Maureen, Osiurak François, Bartolo Angela
Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CRFDP, 76000, Rouen, France.
UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2025 Mar;35(1):177-210. doi: 10.1007/s11065-024-09634-6. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Researchers and clinicians have long used meaningful intransitive (i.e., not tool-related; MFI) gestures to assess apraxia-a complex and frequent motor-cognitive disorder. Nevertheless, the neurocognitive bases of these gestures remain incompletely understood. Models of apraxia have assumed that meaningful intransitive gestures depend on either long-term memory (i.e., semantic memory and action lexicons) stored in the left hemisphere, or social cognition and the right hemisphere. This meta-analysis of 42 studies reports the performance of 2659 patients with either left or right hemisphere damage in tests of meaningful intransitive gestures, as compared to other gestures (i.e., MFT or meaningful transitive and MLI or meaningless intransitive) and cognitive tests. The key findings are as follows: (1) deficits of meaningful intransitive gestures are more frequent and severe after left than right hemisphere lesions, but they have been reported in both groups; (2) we found a transitivity effect in patients with lesions of the left hemisphere (i.e., meaningful transitive gestures more difficult than meaningful intransitive gestures) but a "reverse" transitivity effect in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere (i.e., meaningful transitive gestures easier than meaningful intransitive gestures); (3) there is a strong association between meaningful intransitive and transitive (but not meaningless) gestures; (4) isolated deficits of meaningful intransitive gestures are more frequent in cases with right than left hemisphere lesions; (5) these deficits may occur in the absence of language and semantic memory impairments; (6) meaningful intransitive gesture performance seems to vary according to the emotional content of gestures (i.e., body-centered gestures and emotional valence-intensity). These findings are partially consistent with the social cognition hypothesis. Methodological recommendations are given for future studies.
长期以来，研究人员和临床医生一直使用有意义的不及物（即与工具无关；MFI）手势来评估失用症——一种复杂且常见的运动认知障碍。然而，这些手势的神经认知基础仍未完全被理解。失用症模型假定，有意义的不及物手势要么依赖于存储在左半球的长期记忆（即语义记忆和动作词汇表），要么依赖于社会认知和右半球。这项对42项研究的荟萃分析报告了2659例左半球或右半球受损患者在有意义的不及物手势测试中的表现，并与其他手势（即MFT或有意义的及物手势和MLI或无意义的不及物手势）及认知测试进行了比较。主要发现如下：（1）左半球损伤后有意义的不及物手势缺陷比右半球损伤后更频繁、更严重，但两组均有报告；（2）我们发现左半球损伤患者存在及物性效应（即有意义的及物手势比有意义的不及物手势更难），而右半球损伤患者存在“反向”及物性效应（即有意义的及物手势比有意义的不及物手势更容易）；（3）有意义的不及物手势与及物（但非无意义）手势之间存在很强的关联；（4）有意义的不及物手势的孤立缺陷在右半球损伤病例中比左半球损伤病例中更频繁；（5）这些缺陷可能在没有语言和语义记忆障碍的情况下出现；（6）有意义的不及物手势表现似乎因手势的情感内容（即以身体为中心的手势和情感效价-强度）而异。这些发现部分与社会认知假说一致。为未来研究给出了方法学建议。
