AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Foundation for Arable Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 7;19(3):e0299539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299539. eCollection 2024.
Weeds are increasingly documented with evolved resistance to herbicides globally. Three species have been reported as resistant in maize crops in New Zealand: Chenopodium album to atrazine and dicamba, Persicaria maculosa to atrazine and Digitaria sanguinalis to nicosulfuron. Despite knowledge of these cases, the distribution of these resistant biotypes is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of known resistant weeds in major maize growing areas in New Zealand, and to pro-actively screen other species for resistance. Weed seeds of broadleaf and grass species were collected from 70 randomly selected maize growing farms in the North Island in 2021-2022. Seeds were grown and treated with herbicides at recommended field rates. Atrazine-resistant C. album were recorded in a third of surveyed farms and nicosulfuron-resistant D. sanguinalis in a sixth. Half of Waikato farms and a quarter of Bay of Plenty farms (no Hawkes Bay or Wellington farms) had atrazine-resistant C. album. Dicamba-resistant C. album were not detected, nor were atrazine-resistant P. maculosa. Nicosulfuron resistant D. sanguinalis was recorded in 19% of Waikato farms, 6% of Bay of Plenty farms and 9% of Hawkes Bay farms (no Wellington farms). Amaranthus spp., Fallopia convolvulus, Persicaria spp., Solanum spp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum spp. and Setaria spp. were not resistant to any of the herbicides tested. Twenty-nine to 52% of maize farms in the North Island are estimated to have herbicide resistant weeds. Resistance is common in maize farms in Waikato and western Bay of Plenty. Resistance is rare in southern regions, with only one instance of nicosulfuron-resistant D. sanguinalis and no resistant C. album. Most annual weeds in maize are not resistant to herbicides; although atrazine resistant C. album is widespread, it is currently controlled with alternative herbicides. Resistant D. sanguinalis appears to be an emerging problem.
杂草对除草剂的抗药性在全球范围内越来越多地被记录下来。在新西兰的玉米作物中，已经有三种被报道具有抗药性：藜对莠去津和二甲四氯，菥蓂对莠去津，狗尾草对烟嘧磺隆。尽管已经了解到这些情况，但这些抗性生物型的分布情况尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定新西兰主要玉米种植区已知抗性杂草的流行情况，并主动筛选其他具有抗性的物种。2021-2022 年，从北岛 70 个随机选择的玉米种植农场采集阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的种子。种子在田间推荐剂量下用除草剂处理并生长。在调查的农场中，有三分之一记录到抗莠去津的藜，有六分之一记录到抗烟嘧磺隆的狗尾草。怀卡托的一半农场和丰盛湾的四分之一农场（没有霍克斯湾或惠灵顿的农场）有抗莠去津的藜。没有检测到二甲四氯抗性藜，也没有抗菥蓂的藜。在怀卡托的 19%的农场、丰盛湾的 6%的农场和霍克斯湾的 9%的农场（没有惠灵顿的农场）记录到抗烟嘧磺隆的狗尾草。苋菜、打碗花、蓼属、茄属、稗草、黍属和狗尾草属对测试的除草剂均无抗性。估计北岛的 29%到 52%的玉米农场都有抗除草剂的杂草。怀卡托和丰盛湾西部的玉米农场抗药性很常见。南部地区很少见，只有一例抗烟嘧磺隆的狗尾草，没有抗莠去津的藜。玉米田中的大多数一年生杂草对除草剂没有抗性；虽然广泛存在抗莠去津的藜，但目前可以用替代除草剂来控制。抗烟嘧磺隆的狗尾草似乎是一个新出现的问题。
