Service de pédiatrie multidisciplinaire, centre de référence des maladies rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, hôpital de la Timone Enfants, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13005 Marseille, France.
Service d'endocrinologie, centre de référence des maladies rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, hôpital de la Conception, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13005 Marseille, France.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2024 Jul;85(4):327-339. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.03.001. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
Pituitary deficiency, or hypopituitarism, is a rare chronic disease. It is defined by insufficient synthesis of one or more pituitary hormones (growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, LH-FSH, prolactin), whether or not associated with arginine vasopressin deficiency (formerly known as diabetes insipidus). In adult patients, it is usually acquired (notably during childhood), but can also be congenital, due to abnormal pituitary development. The present study focuses on congenital pituitary deficiency in adults, from diagnosis to follow-up, including special situations such as pregnancy or the elderly. The clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from isolated deficit to multiple deficits, which may be part of a syndromic form or not. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological (assessment of all hormonal axes), radiological (brain and hypothalamic-pituitary MRI) and genetic factors. Treatment consists in hormonal replacement therapy, adapted according to the period of life and the deficits, which may be progressive. Comorbidities, risk of complications and acute decompensation, and the impact on fertility and quality of life all require adaptative multidisciplinary care and long-term monitoring.
垂体功能减退症,又称垂体机能减退症,是一种罕见的慢性疾病。其定义为一种或多种垂体激素(生长激素、TSH、ACTH、LH-FSH、催乳素)合成不足,无论是否伴有精氨酸加压素缺乏症(以前称为尿崩症)。在成年患者中,该病通常为获得性(尤其是在儿童时期),但也可为先天性,由垂体发育异常所致。本研究重点关注成人先天性垂体功能减退症,包括从诊断到随访的整个过程,还包括妊娠或老年等特殊情况。临床表现高度多变,从单纯缺乏到多种缺乏不等,可能为综合征形式,也可能不是。诊断基于临床、生物学(所有激素轴的评估)、影像学(脑和下丘脑-垂体 MRI)和遗传因素的综合评估。治疗包括根据生命阶段和缺乏情况进行激素替代治疗,治疗可能是渐进的。合并症、并发症和急性失代偿的风险,以及对生育能力和生活质量的影响,均需要适应性的多学科护理和长期监测。