Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 8;14(1):5690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55899-5.
There is currently limited data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 6-11 years in Malaysia. This study aims to determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-related hospitalization after receipt of one- and two-doses of BNT162b2 mRNA (Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine over a duration of almost 1 year in the predominantly Omicron period of BA.4/BA.5 and X.B.B sub lineages. This study linked administrative databases between May 2022 and March 2023 to evaluate real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the BNT162b2 mRNA (Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine against COVID-19-related hospitalization in the Omicron pre-dominant period with BA.4/BA.5 and X.B.B sub lineages. During the Omicron-predominant period, the cumulative hospitalization rate was almost two times higher for unvaccinated children (9.6 per million population) compared to vaccinated children (6 per million population). The estimated VE against COVID-19 hospitalization for one dose of BNT162b2 was 27% (95% CI - 1%, 47%) and 38% (95% CI 27%, 48%) for two doses. The estimated VE against hospitalization remained stable when stratified by time. VE for the first 90 days was estimated to be 45% (95% CI 33, 55%), followed by 47% (95% CI 34, 56%) between 90 and 180 days, and 36% (95% CI 22, 45%) between 180 and 360 days. Recent infection within 6 months does not appear to modify the impact of vaccination on the risk of hospitalization, subject to the caveat of potential underestimation. In our pediatric population, BNT162b2 provided moderate-non-diminishing protection against COVID-19 hospitalization over almost 1 year of Omicron predominance.
目前马来西亚关于 6-11 岁儿童接种 COVID-19 疫苗有效性的数据有限。本研究旨在确定在以 BA.4/BA.5 和 X.B.B 亚谱系为主的奥密克戎时期，接种一剂和两剂 BNT162b2 mRNA（Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech）疫苗后近 1 年期间，该疫苗对 COVID-19 相关住院的有效性（VE）。本研究通过 2022 年 5 月至 2023 年 3 月期间的行政数据库，评估了 BNT162b2 mRNA（Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech）疫苗在奥密克戎为主的时期对 COVID-19 相关住院的真实世界 VE，该时期以 BA.4/BA.5 和 X.B.B 亚谱系为主。在奥密克戎为主的时期，未接种疫苗的儿童（每百万人口 9.6 例）的累积住院率几乎是接种疫苗儿童（每百万人口 6 例）的两倍。一剂 BNT162b2 对 COVID-19 住院的估计 VE 为 27%（95%CI-1%，47%），两剂为 38%（95%CI 27%，48%）。按时间分层时，对住院的估计 VE 保持稳定。第 90 天之前的 VE 估计为 45%（95%CI 33，55%），第 90 至 180 天之间为 47%（95%CI 34，56%），第 180 至 360 天之间为 36%（95%CI 22，45%）。在 6 个月内最近感染似乎不会改变疫苗接种对住院风险的影响，但须注意潜在的低估。在我们的儿科人群中，在奥密克戎为主的近 1 年期间，BNT162b2 对 COVID-19 住院提供了适度的非递减保护。
