Rydén Lina, Wetterberg Hanna, Ahlner Felicia, Falk Erhag Hanna, Gudmundsson Pia, Guo Xinxin, Joas Erik, Johansson Lena, Kern Silke, Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine, Najar Jenna, Ribbe Mats, Rydberg Sterner Therese, Sacuiu Simona, Samuelsson Jessica, Sigström Robert, Skoog Johan, Waern Margda, Zettergren Anna, Skoog Ingmar
Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Front Epidemiol. 2023 May 9;3:1151519. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1151519. eCollection 2023.
Longitudinal studies are essential to understand the ageing process, and risk factors and consequences for disorders, but attrition may cause selection bias and impact generalizability. We describe the 1930 cohort of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, followed from age 70 to 88, and compare baseline characteristics for those who continue participation with those who die, refuse, and drop out for any reason during follow-up.
A population-based sample born 1930 was examined with comprehensive assessments at age 70 ( = 524). The sample was followed up and extended to increase sample size at age 75 ( = 767). Subsequent follow-ups were conducted at ages 79, 85, and 88. Logistic regression was used to analyze baseline characteristics in relation to participation status at follow-up.
Refusal to participate in subsequent examinations was related to lower educational level, higher blood pressure, and lower scores on cognitive tests. Both attrition due to death and total attrition were associated with male sex, lower educational level, smoking, ADL dependency, several diseases, poorer lung function, slower gait speed, lower scores on cognitive tests, depressive symptoms, and a larger number of medications. Attrition due to death was also associated with not having a partner.
It is important to consider different types of attrition when interpreting results from longitudinal studies, as representativeness and results may be differently affected by different types of attrition. Besides reducing barriers to participation, methods such as imputation and weighted analyses can be used to handle selection bias.
纵向研究对于理解衰老过程、疾病的风险因素及后果至关重要，但研究对象的损耗可能导致选择偏倚并影响研究结果的普遍性。我们描述了哥德堡H70出生队列研究中1930年出生的队列，该队列从70岁随访至88岁，并比较了继续参与研究的人群与在随访期间死亡、拒绝参与及因任何原因退出研究的人群的基线特征。
对1930年出生的基于人群的样本在70岁时进行了全面评估（n = 524）。对该样本进行随访并在75岁时扩大样本量（n = 767）。随后在79岁、85岁和88岁进行了随访。采用逻辑回归分析与随访时参与状态相关的基线特征。
拒绝参与后续检查与较低的教育水平、较高的血压以及认知测试得分较低有关。因死亡导致的损耗和总体损耗均与男性、较低的教育水平、吸烟、日常生活活动依赖、多种疾病、较差的肺功能、较慢的步态速度、认知测试得分较低、抑郁症状以及较多的用药数量有关。因死亡导致的损耗还与没有伴侣有关。
在解释纵向研究结果时，考虑不同类型的损耗很重要，因为不同类型的损耗可能对代表性和结果产生不同的影响。除了减少参与障碍外，还可以使用插补和加权分析等方法来处理选择偏倚。
