Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Acta Trop. 2024 May;253:107167. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107167. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
One Health Syndromic Surveillance has a high potential for detecting early epidemiological events in remote and hard-to-reach populations. Chadian pastoralists living close to their animals and being socio-economically unprivileged have an increased risk for zoonosis exposure. Engaging communities in disease surveillance could also strengthen preparedness capacities for outbreaks in rural Chad. This study describes a retrospective cross-sectional survey that collected data on clinical symptoms reported in people and livestock in Chadian agro-pastoral communities. In January-February 2018, interviews were conducted in rural households living in nomadic camps or settled villages in the Yao and Danamadji health districts. The questionnaire covered demographic data and symptoms reported in humans and animals for the hot, wet, and cold seasons over the last 12 months. Incidence rates of human and animal symptoms were comparatively analyzed at the household level. Ninety-two households with a homogeneous socio-demographic distribution were included. We observed cough and diarrhea as the most frequent symptoms reported simultaneously in humans and animals. In all species, the incidence rate of cough was significantly higher during the cold season, and diarrhea tended to occur more frequently during the wet season. However, the incidence rate of cough and diarrhea in animals did not predict the incidence rate of these symptoms in humans. Overall, the variations in reported symptoms were consistent with known seasonal, regional, and sociological influences on endemic diseases. Our retrospective study demonstrated the feasibility of collecting relevant health data in humans and animals in remote regions with low access to health services by actively involving community members. This encourages establishing real-time community-based syndromic surveillance in areas such as rural Chad.
One Health 综合征监测具有在偏远和难以到达的人群中早期检测流行病学事件的高潜力。与动物密切接触且社会经济条件较差的乍得牧民面临更高的动物源传染病暴露风险。让社区参与疾病监测也可以加强乍得农村地区对疫情爆发的准备能力。本研究描述了一项回顾性横断面调查，该调查收集了乍得农牧社区人群和牲畜报告的临床症状数据。2018 年 1 月至 2 月，在 Yao 和 Danamadji 卫生区的游牧营地或定居村庄中的农村家庭中进行了访谈。调查问卷涵盖了过去 12 个月中人类和动物在热、湿和冷季节的人口统计学数据和报告的症状。在家庭层面上比较了人和动物症状的发病率。共纳入了 92 户具有同质社会人口分布的家庭。我们观察到咳嗽和腹泻是人类和动物同时报告的最常见症状。在所有物种中，咳嗽的发病率在寒冷季节显著更高，腹泻在湿季更倾向于频繁发生。然而，动物咳嗽和腹泻的发病率并不能预测人类这些症状的发病率。总体而言，报告症状的变化与已知的季节性、区域性和社会学因素对地方病的影响一致。我们的回顾性研究表明，通过积极让社区成员参与，可以在难以获得卫生服务的偏远地区收集与人类和动物健康相关的数据，这有助于在农村乍得等地区建立实时的基于社区的综合征监测。
