De Decker Steven, Rohdin Cecilia, Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo
Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, University Animal Hospital, Uppsala 75007, Sweden; Anicura Albano Small Animal Hospital, Danderyd 18236, Sweden.
Vet J. 2024 Apr;304:106095. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106095. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Small brachycephalic dog breeds, such as the French bulldog, English bulldog and pug have become increasingly popular. These breeds are predisposed to a variety of vertebral and spinal malformations, including hemivertebra, caudal articular process dysplasia, transitional vertebra, cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis, spinal arachnoid diverticulum and meningeal fibrosis. Recent studies have provided new insights into the prevalence, anatomical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions. Thoracic hemivertebra, caudal articular process dysplasia, transitional vertebra, and cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis occur commonly in neurologically normal dogs. Although the clinical relevance of these vertebral anomalies has therefore been questioned, severe kyphosis and hemivertebra in pugs have been associated with an increased likelihood of neurological signs. Meningeal fibrosis is characterised by the formation of dense intradural fibrotic adhesions, constricting the spinal cord. This condition has been heavily associated with the pug breed. It is in pugs further common to observe multiple concurrent spinal disorder in association with chronic progressive pelvic limb gait abnormalities. This clinical presentation has been referred to as 'pug dog thoracolumbar myelopathy' and potential genetic risk factors have recently been identified. Despite our increased knowledge, many questions remain currently unanswered. This review discusses our current understanding and controversies surrounding vertebral and spinal malformations in small brachycephalic dog breeds.
小型短头犬品种，如法国斗牛犬、英国斗牛犬和哈巴狗越来越受欢迎。这些品种易患多种脊椎和脊柱畸形，包括半椎体、尾关节突发育异常、过渡椎骨、颅胸段椎管狭窄、脊髓蛛网膜憩室和脑膜纤维化。最近的研究为这些病症的患病率、解剖特征、病理生理学和治疗提供了新的见解。胸段半椎体、尾关节突发育异常、过渡椎骨和颅胸段椎管狭窄在神经功能正常的犬中很常见。因此，尽管这些脊椎异常的临床相关性受到质疑，但哈巴狗的严重脊柱后凸和半椎体与神经症状的可能性增加有关。脑膜纤维化的特征是硬膜内形成致密的纤维性粘连，压迫脊髓。这种病症与哈巴狗品种密切相关。在哈巴狗中，还经常观察到多种并发的脊柱疾病与慢性进行性盆腔肢体步态异常有关。这种临床表现被称为“哈巴狗胸腰椎脊髓病”，最近已经确定了潜在的遗传风险因素。尽管我们的知识有所增加，但目前许多问题仍未得到解答。这篇综述讨论了我们目前对小型短头犬品种脊椎和脊柱畸形的理解以及相关争议。
