Ryan R, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Ter Haar G, De Decker Steven
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA England, UK.
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH Scotland, UK.
Vet J. 2017 Mar;221:25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.018. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
Congenital vertebral malformations are common incidental findings in small breed dogs. This retrospective observational study evaluated the type and prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in 171 neurologically normal and 10 neurologically abnormal screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs. Neurologically normal dogs underwent CT for reasons unrelated to spinal disease, while affected dogs underwent MRI. Imaging studies were reviewed and vertebral malformations including hemivertebrae, block vertebrae, transitional vertebrae, and spina bifida were documented. The group of clinically normal dogs consisted of 62 French bulldogs, 68 Pugs and 41 English bulldogs. The group of affected dogs consisted of one French bulldog and nine Pugs. Overall, 80.7% of neurologically normal animals were affected by at least one vertebral malformation. There was a significant influence of breed, with thoracic vertebral malformations occurring more often in neurologically normal French bulldogs (P <0.0001) and English bulldogs (P = 0.002). Compared to other breeds, hemivertebrae occurred more often in neurologically normal French bulldogs (93.5%; P < 0.0001 vs. Pugs; P = 0.004 vs. English bulldogs) and less often in neurologically normal Pugs (17.6%; P = 0.004 vs. English bulldogs). Neurologically normal Pugs were more often diagnosed with transitional vertebrae and spina bifida compared to other breeds (P <0.0001 for both malformations). Of Pugs included in the study, 4.7% were diagnosed with clinically relevant thoracic vertebral malformations. When compared to the general veterinary hospital population, this was significantly more than the other two breeds (P = 0.006). This study indicates that thoracic vertebral malformations occur commonly in neurologically normal screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs. While hemivertebrae are often interpreted as incidental diagnostic findings, they appear to be of greater clinical importance in Pugs compared to other screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds.
先天性椎体畸形是小型犬常见的偶然发现。这项回顾性观察研究评估了171只神经功能正常和10只神经功能异常的螺旋尾短头犬胸椎畸形的类型和患病率。神经功能正常的犬因与脊柱疾病无关的原因接受CT检查，而患病犬接受MRI检查。对影像学研究进行了回顾，并记录了包括半椎体、块状椎体、过渡椎体和脊柱裂在内的椎体畸形。临床正常犬组包括62只法国斗牛犬、68只哈巴狗和41只英国斗牛犬。患病犬组包括1只法国斗牛犬和9只哈巴狗。总体而言，80.7%的神经功能正常动物至少受到一种椎体畸形的影响。品种有显著影响，神经功能正常的法国斗牛犬（P <0.0001）和英国斗牛犬（P = 0.002）中胸椎畸形更为常见。与其他品种相比，半椎体在神经功能正常的法国斗牛犬中更常见（93.5%；与哈巴狗相比，P < 0.0001；与英国斗牛犬相比，P = 0.004），而在神经功能正常的哈巴狗中较少见（17.6%；与英国斗牛犬相比，P = 0.004）。与其他品种相比，神经功能正常的哈巴狗更常被诊断为过渡椎体和脊柱裂（两种畸形的P均<0.0001）。在纳入研究的哈巴狗中，4.7%被诊断患有临床相关的胸椎畸形。与普通兽医医院的犬群相比，这一比例明显高于其他两个品种（P = 0.006）。这项研究表明，胸椎畸形在神经功能正常的螺旋尾短头犬中很常见。虽然半椎体通常被解释为偶然的诊断发现，但与其他螺旋尾短头品种相比，它们在哈巴狗中似乎具有更大的临床重要性。
