University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Institute of Collective Health (ISCO), Santarém, Pará, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Water Resources Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Apr 15;347:123728. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123728. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Fish is an important source of animal protein for local communities in the Amazon basin, whose food safety must be assured. However, certain potential toxicants elements, can bioaccumulate in fish species, which inhabit anthropogenically polluted waters, ultimately posing a risk to human health. In the present study, the concentrations of nine elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in raw and cooked samples of eight fish species consumed in Santarém (northern Brazil, Amazon biome). The potential for non- carcinogenic human health risks linked to the consumption of cooked fish were evaluated for adults and children in two different scenarios. Four carnivores, three omnivores and one detritivore, all of them regularly marketed and consumed by the Santarém population, were the target species. The safety reference values set by national and international guidelines for humans, in both raw and cooked preparations, were used. In most cases, the cooking process showed a trend to increase elements concentrations compared to raw samples, however the differences were not significant. Moreover, the risk assessment showed danger for children in relation to Hg from the consumption of fish, in both scenarios evaluated. For adults, in one of the scenarios, there was a health risk associated to Hg as a result of carnivorous fish consumption. In a context of combined exposure to all elements, children were at risk when consuming fish, especially carnivorous and omnivorous species. For adults, the mixture of elements posed a risk to health human only for carnivorous fish consumption. The results reveal an environmental scenario of Hg contamination, which requires monitoring actions to preserve the aquatic biodiversity and human health in the Brazilian Amazon biome.
鱼类是亚马逊盆地当地社区重要的动物蛋白质来源，其食品安全必须得到保障。然而，某些潜在的有毒元素可以在栖息于人为污染水域的鱼类中生物积累，最终对人类健康构成威胁。在本研究中，测定了八种在 Santarém （巴西北部，亚马逊生物群落）食用的生鱼和熟鱼样本中九种元素（Al、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）的浓度。在两种不同情况下，评估了食用熟鱼对成人和儿童的非致癌健康风险。目标物种是四种肉食性鱼类、三种杂食性鱼类和一种食碎屑鱼类，它们都是 Santarém 人群经常消费的常规市场鱼类。使用了国家和国际指南为人类设定的安全参考值，无论是生的还是熟的准备。在大多数情况下，与生样本相比，烹饪过程显示出元素浓度增加的趋势，但差异并不显著。此外，风险评估显示，对于儿童来说，在两种情况下，食用鱼类中的汞都存在危险。对于成年人来说，在一种情况下，由于食用肉食性鱼类，汞的摄入会对健康造成风险。在所有元素的综合暴露背景下，儿童在食用鱼类时，特别是肉食性和杂食性鱼类时，存在健康风险。对于成年人来说，只有食用肉食性鱼类时，元素混合物才会对人类健康构成风险。研究结果揭示了一个汞污染的环境情景，需要采取监测行动来保护巴西亚马逊生物群落的水生生物多样性和人类健康。
