Programa de Biofísica Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna-Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2018 Jul;48:196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.012. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
This work aimed to evaluate associated risks of fish consumption to human health, concerning mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) concentrations in fish species largely consumed in the Tapajós River basin in the Brazilian Amazon. Total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg) and Se concentrations were measured in 129 fish specimens from four sites of the Tapajós River basin. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of Hg and Se were reported regarding fish consumption. EDI were compared with the reference value of provisional tolerable daily intake proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Se:Hg ratios and selenium health benefit values (Se HBVs) seem to offer a more comprehensive fish safety model. THg concentrations in fishes ranged from 0.03 to 1.51 μg g of wet weight (w.w.) and MeHg concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 1.44 μg g (w.w.). 80% of the samples were below the value of Hg recommended by the WHO for human consumption (0.5 μg g w.w.). However, Hg EDI exceeded the dose suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (0.1 μg kg day), due to the large level of fish consumption in that area. Se concentrations in fishes ranged from 0.02 to 0.44 μg g w.w. An inverse pattern was observed between Hg and Se concentrations in the trophic chain (highest levels of Se in the lowest trophic levels). The molar ratio Se:Hg and Se HBVs were higher in iliophagous and herbivorous fishes, which is noteworthy to reduce toxic effects of Hg contamination. For planktivores, the content of Se and Hg was almost equimolar. Carnivorous fishes - with the exception of Hemisorubim platyrhynchos and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum -, showed Se:Hg ratios <1. Thus, they do not act as a favorable source of Se in the diet. Therefore, reduced intake of carnivorous fishes with preferential consumption of iliophages, herbivores and, to some extent, even planktivores should be promoted as part of a healthier diet.
本研究旨在评估人类食用鱼类相关的健康风险，特别是在巴西亚马逊的塔帕若斯河流域广泛食用的鱼类中汞（Hg）和硒（Se）的浓度。在塔帕若斯河流域的四个地点采集了 129 个鱼类样本，测量了总汞（THg）、甲基汞（MeHg）和 Se 的浓度。报告了鱼类消费的估计每日摄入量（EDI）。将 EDI 与世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的暂定每日可耐受摄入量的参考值进行了比较。Se:Hg 比值和硒健康效益值（Se HBVs）似乎提供了一个更全面的鱼类安全模型。鱼类中 THg 的浓度范围为 0.03 至 1.51μg g 湿重（w.w.），MeHg 的浓度范围为 0.02 至 1.44μg g（w.w.）。80%的样本低于 WHO 推荐的人类食用值（0.5μg g w.w.）。然而，由于该地区鱼类消费量大，Hg 的 EDI 超过了美国环境保护署（EPA）建议的剂量（0.1μg kg 天）。鱼类中 Se 的浓度范围为 0.02 至 0.44μg g w.w.在食物链中观察到 Hg 和 Se 浓度呈反比关系（最低营养级的 Se 含量最高）。食鱼性和草食性鱼类的 Se:Hg 摩尔比和 Se HBVs 较高，这值得注意，可降低 Hg 污染的毒性作用。对于滤食性鱼类，Se 和 Hg 的含量几乎等摩尔。除了虹彩鲷和窄纹锯脂鲤外，肉食性鱼类的 Se:Hg 比值<1，因此，它们在饮食中不是 Se 的有利来源。因此，应提倡减少肉食性鱼类的摄入，优先食用食鱼性、草食性鱼类，在一定程度上甚至滤食性鱼类，作为更健康饮食的一部分。
