CESP - Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, U1018 INSERM, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.
Service Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 8;14(1):5733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56396-5.
Gender is a key determinant of health and healthcare use. The question of whether physicians are aware of gender issues is important to avoid gender bias in medical practice. This study aimed to validate the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS) in a representative population of French general practitioners (GPs) and to analyze their gender sensitivity and the presence of gender stereotypes among them. The N-GAMS, already validated in medical students, measures gender awareness through 3 subscores: gender sensitivity (GS) and gender-role ideology towards patients (GRIP) and doctors (GRID) (gender stereotypes). After translation into French, it was distributed to 900 GPs. The scale was validated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Psychometric properties were tested. Multivariate linear regressions were conducted to explore the associations between GPs' characteristics and N-GAMS subscores. EFA identified 3 meaningful factors consistent with prior theory. Subscores exhibited good internal consistency. The main findings were that GRIP was significantly higher in older physicians, in male physicians, among those who less involved their patients in decisions, and those who were not training supervisors. For GRID, results were quite similar to those of GRIP. GS was significantly higher for physicians working in health centres or medical homes and for those with gynecological practices but lower when they less involved patients in medical decisions. This study suggests that it is necessary to teach gender issues not only in medical schools but also as part of continuing medical education.
性别是健康和医疗保健利用的一个关键决定因素。医生是否意识到性别问题对于避免医疗实践中的性别偏见很重要。本研究旨在验证尼美根医学性别意识量表（N-GAMS）在法国普通科医生（GP）中的代表性人群中的有效性，并分析他们的性别敏感性以及他们中间是否存在性别刻板印象。N-GAMS 已经在医学生中得到验证，通过 3 个分量表来衡量性别意识：性别敏感性（GS）和对患者（GRIP）和医生（GRID）的性别角色观念（性别刻板印象）。翻译为法语后，将其分发给 900 名 GP。通过探索性因素分析（EFA）对量表进行了验证。测试了心理测量特性。进行多元线性回归以探索 GP 特征与 N-GAMS 分量表之间的关联。EFA 确定了与先前理论一致的 3 个有意义的因素。分量表表现出良好的内部一致性。主要发现是，年龄较大的医生、男性医生、较少让患者参与决策的医生以及没有培训主管的医生的 GRIP 显著较高。对于 GRID，结果与 GRIP 非常相似。在医疗中心或家庭医疗工作的医生以及从事妇科实践的医生的 GS 显著较高，但当他们较少让患者参与医疗决策时，GS 则较低。本研究表明，不仅在医学院，而且在继续医学教育中，都有必要教授性别问题。
