Lipe H P
J Neurosurg Nurs. 1985 Apr;17(2):77-82. doi: 10.1097/01376517-198504000-00003.
Brain and spinal cord injuries are a frequent cause of death and long-term disability in motor vehicle accidents. Helmet use reduces death and head injury severity in motorcycle accidents. Proper use of child restraints can prevent death from falls and vehicle crashes. Auto lap and shoulder restraints, when in use, reduce death from accidents and falls from cars. Passive protections, such as air bags, vehicle design for crashworthiness, and automatic seatbelt systems are less available for economic reasons. Voluntary use of available devices is the remaining viable option. One-to-one education may help promote use of protective devices. The greatest impact lies in legislative requirements for self-protection. It is ethically justifiable to require use of devices such as child restraints, seatbelts, and motorcycle helmets to prevent death and disability.
脑和脊髓损伤是机动车事故中常见的死亡和长期残疾原因。佩戴头盔可降低摩托车事故中的死亡率和头部损伤严重程度。正确使用儿童约束装置可预防因跌倒和车辆碰撞导致的死亡。汽车腰部和肩部安全带在使用时可降低事故和从汽车上跌落导致的死亡风险。由于经济原因，被动保护装置，如安全气囊、防撞车辆设计和自动安全带系统的使用较少。自愿使用现有装置是剩下的可行选择。一对一教育可能有助于促进保护装置的使用。最大的影响在于对自我保护的立法要求。要求使用儿童约束装置、安全带和摩托车头盔等装置以预防死亡和残疾在伦理上是合理的。
