Global Alliance for Tobacco Control, 1 Nicholas St, Suite 1004, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7B7, Canada.
Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, Montreal, Quebec H3S 1Z1, Canada.
Health Policy Plan. 2024 Apr 10;39(4):333-343. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czae010.
Mozambique ranks fifth on the list of tobacco producing countries in Africa, while also being a Party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Tobacco farming is regarded by some governments as a strategic economic commodity for export and remains deeply entrenched within Mozambique's political and economic landscape. This study uses a qualitative description methodology to identify tensions, conflicts and alignment or misalignment in policy on tobacco across government sectors and levels in Mozambique. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 33 key informants from sectors across national and subnational levels including health, agriculture, economic and commercial sectors, as well as non-state actors from civil society organizations, the tobacco industry, farmers unions and associations and individual farmers. Incoherence was present across sectoral mandates, perspectives on industry's presence in the country and regions and between FCTC provisions and informant perceptions of tobacco production as a development strategy. Despite tobacco being viewed as an important economic commodity by many informants, there was also widespread dissatisfaction with tobacco from both farmers and some government officials. There were indications of an openness to shifting to a policy that emphasizes alternatives to tobacco growing. The findings also illustrate where points of convergence exist across sectors and where opportunities for aligning tobacco policy with the provisions of the FCTC can occur.
莫桑比克在非洲的烟草生产国中排名第五，同时也是世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约（FCTC）的缔约方。一些政府认为烟草种植是一种具有战略意义的出口经济商品，并且在莫桑比克的政治和经济格局中仍然根深蒂固。本研究采用定性描述方法，确定了莫桑比克政府各部门和各级政府在烟草政策方面的紧张关系、冲突以及政策的一致性或不一致性。我们对来自国家和次国家各级包括卫生、农业、经济和商业部门以及来自民间社会组织、烟草业、农民工会和协会以及个体农民的非国家行为体的 33 名主要信息提供者进行了半结构化的定性访谈。部门任务、对行业在该国和地区的存在的看法以及 FCTC 条款和信息提供者对烟草生产作为发展战略的看法之间存在不一致。尽管许多信息提供者认为烟草是一种重要的经济商品，但农民和一些政府官员也普遍对烟草感到不满。有迹象表明，人们愿意转向强调种植其他作物的政策。研究结果还说明了各部门之间存在哪些趋同点，以及在哪些方面可以使烟草政策与 FCTC 的规定保持一致。
