Worku Anmut, Molla Wassie, Kenubih Ambaye, Gizaw Daniel, Muluneh Ayelech, Admassu Bemrew, Ejo Mebrat, Dagnaw Gashaw Getaneh, Bitew Abebe Belete, Fentahun Tewodros, Getnet Kalkidan, Dejene Haileyesus, Berrie Kassahun, Ibrahim Saddam Mohammed, Gessese Abebe Tesfaye, Fenta Melkie Dagnaw, Dessalegn Bereket, Birhan Mastewal, Kinde Mebrie Zemene
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and public health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Ethiopia.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 Apr;107:102155. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102155. Epub 2024 Mar 2.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, determine the distribution, and identify the epidemiological risk factors of EHV-1/-4 infections in selected districts of Northwest Amhara Region. 460 serum samples were collected from equines using multistage cluster sampling technique, and a competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was performed. Various risk factors for the occurrence of EHV-1/-4 were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3.1. 65.9% (303) equids were tested positive for antibodies against EHV-1/-4. Based on district, the highest prevalence was recorded in Wogera (86.1%), while the lowest was in Debark (47.4%). There was a significant difference (p <0.05; 95% CI: 1.1067993-3.682843) in the prevalence of EHV-1/-4 among species and donkeys are 2.019 times more likely to get an EHV infection than horses. The prevalence of EHV-1/-4 was highest in equids with the age of 3-8 years and lowest in < 3 years, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05; 95% CI: 1.9812042-6.771820). Statistically significant variation (p <0.05; 95% CI: 1.1173822-2.684013) was also observed between sex of equids in which females had 1.73 times higher chance to get EHV infection than males. Higher prevalence was found in lactating equids (81.6%), followed by pregnant equids (74.6%), and dry equids (66.4%). Generally, this study indicated a high and wide distribution of EHV-1/-4 infection in the study area, which needs due attention. Devising strategies to prevent and minimize the spread and occurrence of the infection is crucial.
本研究旨在估算阿姆哈拉地区西北部选定地区马疱疹病毒1型/4型（EHV-1/-4）感染的流行率，确定其分布情况，并识别相关流行病学风险因素。采用多阶段整群抽样技术从马属动物中采集了460份血清样本，并进行了竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定（cELISA）。考虑了EHV-1/-4发生的各种风险因素。使用R 4.3.1版本进行统计分析。65.9%（303匹）马属动物的EHV-1/-4抗体检测呈阳性。按地区划分，沃杰拉的流行率最高（86.1%），而德巴克的最低（47.4%）。不同物种间EHV-1/-4的流行率存在显著差异（p<0.05；95%置信区间：1.1067993 - 3.682843），驴感染EHV的可能性是马的2.019倍。EHV-1/-4的流行率在3至8岁的马属动物中最高，在3岁以下的马属动物中最低，差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05；95%置信区间：1.9812042 - 6.771820）。在马属动物的性别之间也观察到了统计学上的显著差异（p<0.05；95%置信区间：1.1173822 - 2.684013），其中雌性感染EHV的几率是雄性的1.73倍。泌乳期马属动物的流行率较高（81.6%），其次是怀孕马属动物（74.6%）和非泌乳期马属动物（66.4%）。总体而言，本研究表明研究区域内EHV-1/-4感染分布广泛且流行率高，需要予以充分关注。制定预防和尽量减少感染传播及发生的策略至关重要。
